Addressing public health challenges in Ukraine: Dr. Nataliie Halushko on the role of social and behavioral sciences

Dr. Nataliie Halushko currently serves as Head of the Department of Epidemiological Surveillance and Prevention of Infectious Diseases at the Sumy Regional Center for Disease Control and Prevention under the Ministry of Health in Ukraine. We talked to her ahead of a two-day workshop on the role of social and behavioral sciences that took place in Krakow, Poland.

What role do social and behavioral science insights play in shaping the design and implementation of public health interventions in such challenging environments as you are experiencing in Ukraine?

One of the key aspects is the analysis of sociocultural characteristics and beliefs of the population. Understanding how different groups perceive medical interventions allows us to tailor strategies to their values and beliefs. 

Additionally, social sciences enable us to explore the impact of stress on individuals and their behavior. For example, we can analyze how military conflicts affect mental health and how this reaction can be managed through medical strategies. 

Social sciences can also investigate the readiness and willingness of the public to participate in medical programs. For us, understanding citizens’ opinions and attitudes is crucial for the successful implementation of health strategies.

What is the current situation in the country when it comes to misinformation about vaccinations? 

There are cases of spreading false information about vaccination, especially on social media. Another factor is the influence of leaders of certain social groups in forming a negative attitude towards vaccination.

Which methods are being used to counter it and increase vaccination uptake? 

We actively use various sociological tools, such as spreading accurate information through several channels, including social media, official websites of regional administrations, news agencies, and our own organization. We also develop and publish articles and infographics. 

Additionally, our experience in collaborating with activists and leaders of various social groups to support vaccination uptake has been effective.

How do you address stigma concerning HIV, viral hepatitis, STIs, and tuberculosis and what strategies do you believe are the most effective in promoting awareness, and acceptance within communities?

We use various strategies to counter incorrect thoughts and views associated with these diseases. This work includes providing scientifically proven and easily understandable information, involving those living with these diseases, as well as creating supportive communities, and working with the government to implement anti-discrimination laws.

Can you provide an example of a successful intervention where social and behavioral science or risk communication played an important role in controlling the spread of infectious diseases?

Yes, in January 2024, there was an outbreak of avian influenza among domestic birds (chickens, ducks, geese) in two villages in the Sumy region in Ukraine. Through effective communication with citizens and stakeholders (veterinarians, police, government representatives, etc.) aimed at organizing anti-epizootic and anti-epidemic measures, we managed to localize the outbreaks, and no human cases occurred.

How do you see the future integration of social and behavioral sciences contributing to the overall strategy for infectious disease surveillance and prevention in Ukraine? 

The integration of social and behavioural sciences can help optimise strategies for monitoring and preventing infectious diseases in Ukraine. 

Key directions for this integration, in my opinion, should include researching the impact of cultural views on vaccination acceptance by conducting sociological studies to determine specific influences of cultures, religious beliefs, and stereotypes on community readiness to accept vaccines.

One approach involves working with social workers to identify vulnerable groups. By integrating social workers into the healthcare network, we’re able to interact with communities and pinpoint individuals experiencing social alienation or facing barriers to accessing medical services.

Another strategy is adopting a gender approach in educational programs. This entails analysing infection data through the lens of gender differences in vulnerability and access to medical services. Subsequently, specialized educational campaigns should be developed to cater to varying attitudes towards health between men and women.

Moreover, promoting behavioural change through social networks and supporting community initiatives is crucial. Leveraging social media platforms, we disseminate information and encourage positive behavioural changes regarding preventive measures. Additionally, funding and supporting community initiatives help reshape the socio-cultural climate surrounding infectious diseases.

Lastly, integrating psychological support into treatment and rehabilitation is essential. By incorporating psychological counsellors into medical programs, we aim to enhance the mental health and adaptation of patient’s post-treatment for infectious diseases.