DOE Report Provides a Road Map for Coordinated Offshore Transmission Planning

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The scale of the challenge highlights the crucial need for coordinated action across multiple levels of government—state, regional, and federal. The current fragmented approach to offshore wind development, driven primarily by individual states, has led to numerous obstacles, as a study issued last year by the Brattle Group explains. These include delays in essential transmission line development, inefficient utilization of limited transmission corridors and interconnection points, and disparities in technical standards. It’s clear that states alone lack the resources and capacity to address these challenges effectively. Therefore, coordinated action at the state, regional, and federal levels is essential. Such action would provide the necessary resources and regulatory framework to overcome hurdles and ensure the seamless integration of offshore wind energy into the nation’s grid.

The DOE’s study provides a road map for how this offshore grid can be built. Specifically, it lays out a proposed sequencing plan for building interregional offshore wind transmission infrastructure from 2030 to 2050. In addition to radial designs for near-term projects, the study proposes four multiterminal (MT) high-voltage, direct-current (HVDC) interlinks, which would connect transmission planning regions and create opportunities to transfer up to 14 gigawatts of power between regions using the offshore network. Three of the proposed MT HVDC interlinks would connect the Independent System Operator (ISO) of New England, the New York Independent System Operator, and the PJM Interconnection. Additionally, one proposed MT HVDC interlink would connect the non-ISO/RTO (regional transmission organization) region of the Carolinas to PJM. The study finds that the benefits of building such a system outweigh the costs by nearly three to one.

In addition to the release of the DOE’s study on offshore wind transmission, the agency has also unveiled a companion action plan. This action plan outlines both immediate and longer-term efforts aimed at connecting the first generation of Atlantic offshore wind projects to the electrical grid and increasing transmission capacity over the coming decades. Immediate actions identified in the plan include:

  1. Establishing state and regional collaborative bodies spanning the Atlantic Coast region to facilitate coordination and planning efforts.
  2. Updating reliability standards and identifying potential interconnection points where offshore transmission can link with the onshore grid.
  3. Addressing cost considerations through voluntary cost allocation frameworks.
  4. Convening and coordinating with states and industry stakeholders to plan for the development of an offshore transmission network and standardizing requirements for HVDC technology.

Long-term actions outlined in the plan include:

  1. Establishment of a national HVDC testing and certification center to ensure compatibility when interconnecting multiple HVDC substations to form an offshore grid network.
  2. Codification of updates to transmission planning through regulated interregional joint planning, establishment of transfer capacity minimums, and implementation of market monitoring mechanisms.

NRDC and several partner organizations submitted a proposal to the DOE that the agency designate these interlinks as a National Interest Electric Transmission Corridor (NIETC). An NIETC is a geographic area, based on the findings of the DOE National Transmission Needs Study, where consumers are harmed by transmission gaps and where new transmission would provide additional benefits like improved reliability and affordability. This designation would have significant benefits, including unlocking essential federal financing for developers grappling with escalating costs and disruptions in the supply chain, which are impeding the progress of new projects. Additionally, it would provide resources to address interregional planning challenges, fostering collaboration and coordination among stakeholders to overcome barriers to offshore wind development.

Harnessing the vast potential of offshore wind energy is imperative for the United States to meet its environmental targets and enhance the resilience of our power grid amid escalating demand and more frequent occurrences of extreme weather events. As highlighted in the DOE study, proactive and coordinated interregional planning is crucial for minimizing environmental and community impacts associated with offshore wind development, expediting construction timelines, and ultimately reducing costs. By taking decisive action today to plan and invest in offshore wind infrastructure, we can pave the way for a cleaner, more sustainable energy future while strengthening the reliability and resilience of our nation’s power grid.

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