September 1923: Difference between revisions – Wikipedia

 

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*German Chancellor [[Gustav Stresemann]] suggested in a speech in [[Stuttgart]] that the passive resistance campaign in the Ruhr should be ended. “Every honest person in the Ruhr district and along the Rhine is longing for the hour when he will again return to work”, Stresemann said. “This hour will have to come, and through German productive work the real solution of the conflict can be found. The purpose of passive resistance was to bring about this solution. We are ready to make the greatest material sacrifices, but we are not willing to give up the liberty of German soil.”<ref>{{cite news |date=September 3, 1923 |title=Alliance with France Sought by Stresemann | work=[[Chicago Daily Tribune]]|page=3 }}</ref>

*German Chancellor [[Gustav Stresemann]] suggested in a speech in [[Stuttgart]] that the passive resistance campaign in the Ruhr should be ended. “Every honest person in the Ruhr district and along the Rhine is longing for the hour when he will again return to work”, Stresemann said. “This hour will have to come, and through German productive work the real solution of the conflict can be found. The purpose of passive resistance was to bring about this solution. We are ready to make the greatest material sacrifices, but we are not willing to give up the liberty of German soil.”<ref>{{cite news |date=September 3, 1923 |title=Alliance with France Sought by Stresemann | work=[[Chicago Daily Tribune]]|page=3 }}</ref>

[[File:Hunchback of Notre Dame.jpg|150px|thumb|Chaney as Quasimodo]]

[[File:Hunchback of Notre Dame.jpg|150px|thumb|Chaney as Quasimodo]]

*[[Lon Chaney]] established his role as the “Man of 1,000 Faces” portraying [[Quasimodo]] in the debut of the popular silent film adaptation of ”[[The Hunchback of Notre Dame (1923 film)|The Hunchback of Notre Dame]]”, released by Universal Pictures and making its debut at the Astor Theatre in New York before going into nationwide release on September 6.<ref>[ “The Hunchback of Notre Dame (1923)” release info, Internet Movie Database</ref>

*[[Lon Chaney]] established his role as the “Man of 1,000 Faces” portraying [[Quasimodo]] in the debut of the popular silent film adaptation of ”[[The Hunchback of Notre Dame (1923 film)|The Hunchback of Notre Dame]]”, released by Universal Pictures and making its debut at the Astor Theatre in New York before going into nationwide release on September 6.<ref> The Hunchback of Notre Dame (1923) Internet Movie Database</ref>

*”’Died: ”'[[J. Campbell Cantrill]], 53, U.S. Congressman for Kentucky and Democratic nominee for Governor, died in the middle of his campaign for state office, six days after having undergone surgery for a ruptured appendix.<ref>”Congressman J. C. Cantrill Loses Battle for Life— Leader Meets First Defeat Against Odds”, ”Lexington (KY) Herald”, September 3, 1923, p. 1</ref> [[William J. Fields]], another incumbent U.S. Representative, was nominated by the Democratic Party’s central committee to fill the vacancy left by Cantrill’s death and would win the general election in November.<ref>”Fields, William Jason”, by John E. Kleber, in ”The Kentucky Encyclopedia” (University Press of Kentucky, 1992)</ref>

*”’Died: ”'[[J. Campbell Cantrill]], 53, U.S. Congressman for Kentucky and Democratic nominee for Governor, died in the middle of his campaign for state office, six days after having undergone surgery for a ruptured appendix.<ref>”Congressman J. C. Cantrill Loses Battle for Life— Leader Meets First Defeat Against Odds”, ”Lexington (KY) Herald”, September 3, 1923, p. 1</ref> [[William J. Fields]], another incumbent U.S. Representative, was nominated by the Democratic Party’s central committee to fill the vacancy left by Cantrill’s death and would win the general election in November.<ref>”Fields, William Jason”, by John E. Kleber, in ”The Kentucky Encyclopedia” (University Press of Kentucky, 1992)</ref>

Month of 1923

The following events occurred in September 1923:

September 1, 1923 (Saturday)[edit]

• A devastating earthquake with an approximate magnitude of 7.9 struck Japan at two minutes before noon. Over 120,000 people were killed and 2 million left homeless as half the city of Tokyo was destroyed.^[1][2][3][4] Among the dead were 112 people who were killed by a mudslide that swept the train that they were on down a 150 feet (46 m) embankment and into the ocean after it had stopped at the Nebukawa Station while traveling between Atami and Odawara.^[5]
• The Chosen Railway was established in Korea (at the time a part of Japan under the name “Chōsen”) by the merger of six separate companies, and served as the largest privately owned corporation on the Korean Peninsula.^[6]
• The council of the League of Nations met at the request of Greece to discuss the Corfu crisis.^[7] The Italian government telegraphed the League that night saying that any decision made by the League regarding the Corfu incident would be ignored by Italy.^[7]
• An explosion killed 21 coal miners in Australia at the Bellbird Colliery in Bellbird, New South Wales.^[8]
• Born:
  • Rocky Marciano (ring name for Rocco Marchegiano), American heavyweight boxer and world heavyweight champion 1952–1956, known for retiring undefeated; in Brockton, Massachusetts (killed in plane crash, 1969)
  • McAllister Hull, American theoretical physicist who took part in the creation of the 1945 atomic bomb dropped on Nagasaki to force the surrender of Japan; in Birmingham, Alabama (d. 2011)
  • Kenneth Thomson, 2nd Baron Thomson of Fleet, Canadian businessman and collector; in North Bay, Ontario, (d. 2006)
  • Karen Chandler (stage name for Eva Nadauld), American pop music singer who had hits in the 1940s as “Eve Young” and in the early 1950s as Chandler; in Rexburg, Idaho (d. 2010)
• Died:
  • Matsuoka Yasukowa, 77, Japanese politician, former Agricultural Minister and the first president of Nippon University was killed when his house collapsed during the Kanto Earthquake.
  • Josephine Blatt, 60, American circus performer known for her tremendous strength, generally billed by promoters as “Minerva”

September 2, 1923 (Sunday)[edit]

• Admiral Yamamoto Gonnohyōe was installed as Prime Minister of Japan as part of an “emergency cabinet” installed the day after the earthquake, and to fill the vacancy left by the August 24 death of Katō Tomosaburō,
• The Kantō Massacre of non-Japanese ethnic minorities began in Japan in the aftermath of the earthquake the day before, starting with vigilante groups targeting Korean residents on the island of Honshu, at first with the encouragement of local police, and then with the participation of police and the Imperial Japanese Army. An estimated 6,000 people of Korean, Chinese or Ryukyuan descent were killed after rumors were spread that minorities were seeking to overthrow the Japanese government during the chaos following the earthquake.^[5][9][10]
• A “German Day” rally attended by over 100,000 nationalists was held in Nuremberg to commemorate the 53rd anniversary of victory over the French in the Battle of Sedan. Adolf Hitler and Erich Ludendorff were in attendance as Nazis were among the paraders.^[11][12]
• German Chancellor Gustav Stresemann suggested in a speech in Stuttgart that the passive resistance campaign in the Ruhr should be ended. “Every honest person in the Ruhr district and along the Rhine is longing for the hour when he will again return to work”, Stresemann said. “This hour will have to come, and through German productive work the real solution of the conflict can be found. The purpose of passive resistance was to bring about this solution. We are ready to make the greatest material sacrifices, but we are not willing to give up the liberty of German soil.”^[13]

• Lon Chaney established his role as the “Man of 1,000 Faces” portraying Quasimodo in the debut of the popular silent film adaptation of The Hunchback of Notre Dame, released by Universal Pictures and making its debut at the Astor Theatre in New York before going into nationwide release on September 6.^[14]
• Died: J. Campbell Cantrill, 53, U.S. Congressman for Kentucky and Democratic nominee for Governor, died in the middle of his campaign for state office, six days after having undergone surgery for a ruptured appendix.^[15] William J. Fields, another incumbent U.S. Representative, was nominated by the Democratic Party’s central committee to fill the vacancy left by Cantrill’s death and would win the general election in November.^[16]

September 3, 1923 (Monday)[edit]

September 4, 1923 (Tuesday)[edit]

• Benito Mussolini threatened to have Italy withdraw from the League of Nations if it insisted on arbitrating the Corfu crisis, saying the League was “absolutely not competent” to address the issue.^[21]
• The airship USS Shenandoah made its first flight.^{[citation needed]}
• The musical revue London Calling!, produced by André Charlot with music by Noël Coward and Philip Braham, opened at London’s Duke of York’s Theatre. The musical was the first for Coward, and featured a 3-D stereoscopic shadowgraph as part of its opening act.^[22]
• Sad Sam Jones pitched a no-hitter for the New York Yankees against the Philadelphia Athletics by a final score of 2–0. It was the first no-hitter ever thrown by a visiting player in Shibe Park, and only the second in which none of the players had struck out.^[23]
• Born:
  • Warren M. Robbins, American art collector whose collection led to the formation of the National Museum of African Art at the Smithsonian Institution; in Worcester, Massachusetts (d. 2008)
  • Gloria Shayne Baker, American composer and songwriter known for the melody of the 1962 Christmas carol “Do You Hear What I Hear?” (with lyrics by Noël Regney); in Brookline, Massachusetts (d. 2008)^[24]
  • Mirko Ellis, Swiss actor; in Locarno (d. 2014)
  • Ram Kishore Shukla, Indian politician and activist, in Beohari, British India (d. 2003)
  • Mushtaq Ahmad Yusufi, Pakistani humorist and satire writer; in Tonk, Jaipur State, British India (d. 2018)
• Died:

September 5, 1923 (Wednesday)[edit]

September 6, 1923 (Thursday)[edit]

September 7, 1923 (Friday)[edit]

• Interpol was founded as the International Criminal Police Commission at a conference of police officials from 16 nations meeting in Austria at Vienna. It would adopt its present name in 1956. A century later, the Interpol network would be present in all but a few of the world’s nations.^[32]
• Mary Katherine Campbell retained her title in the 3rd Miss America pageant.^[33] She is the only Miss America to ever win twice, as previous winners were only eligible to be re-crowned during the earliest years of the pageant.
• Howard Ehmke of the Boston Red Sox pitched a no-hitter against the Philadelphia Athletics, 4–0 at Shibe Park. It was the second time the Athletics were no-hit in the space of four days.^[23]
• Born:
• Died:
  • James V. Ganly, 44, U.S. Congressman representing the 24th New York district (including the Bronx, New York City), died from injuries sustained the night after he crashed his car into a tree.^[34]
  • Charles Newton Little, 65, American mathematician and expert in knot theory

September 8, 1923 (Saturday)[edit]

• Seven U.S. Navy destroyers were accidentally sunk in the Honda Point Disaster off the coast of California in the largest peacetime loss of ships in U.S. history, and 23 sailors were killed after Captain Edward H. Watson ordered a squadron of 14 ships to make a fast passage to San Diego despite a heavy fog.^[35] Sailing in close formation, the column of ships began piling up as one after another ran aground.^[36] The ships USS Delphy, USS S. P. Lee, USS Young, USS Woodbury, USS Nicholas, USS Fuller and USS Chauncey, all sustained irreparable damage. The cost to the U.S. of losing the destroyers was estimated to be $10.5 million, equivalent to $182 million a century later.^[37]
• The Conference of Ambassadors announced the terms upon which the Corfu dispute between Italy and Greece would be settled. The terms were highly favorable to Italy but both sides approved the settlement.^[38]
• A parade of housewives marched through Berlin carrying empty baskets in protest of their inability to buy food due to hyperinflation.^[39]
• Born: Melitta Marxer, 91, Liechtenstein women’s rights activist who lobbied for decades for women to get the right to vote in elections in the European principality of Liechtenstein before suffrage was finally extended in 1984; in Schaanwald (d. 2015)
• Died: Ugo Sivocci, 38, Italian auto racer and cyclist, was killed during a test drive of the new Alfa Romeo P1 automobile.^[40]

September 9, 1923 (Sunday)[edit]

September 10, 1923 (Monday)[edit]

September 11, 1923 (Tuesday)[edit]

• German military police shot six dead in a riot by unemployed people in front of Dresden City Hall.^[46]
• Died:

September 12, 1923 (Wednesday)[edit]

• Southern Rhodesia became a British colony when the Crown took it over from the British South Africa Company following a 1922 referendum.^[43]
• Finnair, the flag carrier airline of Finland, was incorporated by Bruno Lucander as “Aero O/Y” (Aero Osakeyhtiö, literally “Aero Share Company” or “Aero Corporation”) and would begin flights on March 20, 1924.^[48][49]
• The Convention for the Suppression of the Circulation of and Traffic in Obscene Publications was signed in Geneva by representatives of 34 members of the League of Nations, and took effect on August 7, 1924.^[50]
• The melodrama film The Daring Years, starring Mildred Harris, Charles Emmett Mack and Clara Bow, was released.^{[citation needed]}
• Police in Bulgaria began arrests of over 2,500 communists that the government suspected of plotting an uprising.^[51]
• The town of Atherton, California was formally incorporated after approval by the landowners of the unincorporated community of Fair Oaks, and was named for the late entrepreneur Faxon Atherton.^[52]
• Born:

September 13, 1923 (Thursday)[edit]

September 14, 1923 (Friday)[edit]

• The Dempsey vs. Firpo boxing match took place before a crowd of 80,000 people at the Polo Grounds in New York City, with world heavyweight champion Jack Dempsey being challenged by Luis Ángel Firpo of Argentina. In the first three-minute round, Firpo knocked Dempsey to one knee; Dempsey knocked Firpo down seven times; and Firpo caused Dempsey to tumble backwards out of the ring. In the second round, Dempsey knocked Firpo out at the 57-second mark to retain the World Heavyweight Championship.^[53]
• All five people aboard a Daimler Airway flight from London to Manchester were killed when the de Havilland DH.34 stalled and plummeted to the ground at Ivinghoe, Buckinghamshire.^[54]
• Boston Red Sox first baseman George Burns turned an unassisted triple play against the Cleveland Indians.^[55]
• Born: Amal Kumar Raychaudhuri, Indian physicist known for the Raychaudhuri equation; in Barisal, Bengal Province, British India (d. 2005)
• Died: Edward Millen, 62, the first Australian Minister for Repatriation (later the Minister for Veterans’ Affairs), and former Minister for Defence

September 15, 1923 (Saturday)[edit]

• Oklahoma Governor Jack C. Walton declared “absolute martial law” statewide in his fight against the Ku Klux Klan. The official proclamation said that anyone who aided or abetted the Klan would be “deemed to be enemies of the sovereign state of Oklahoma and shall be dealt with by the military forces of the state.”^[58] Governor Walton announced further that he was suspending the writ of habeas corpus in Tulsa County.
• Twelve people were killed and many injured in food riots in the German Silesian town of Sorau.^[59]
• In Britain, French socialite Marguerite Alibert was acquitted in her murder trial. On July 10, she had shot and killed her husband, Ali Kamel Fahmy Bey, at the Savoy Hotel in London.^[60]
• The costume adventure film Scaramouche premiered at the Shubert-Belasco Theater in Washington, D.C.^[18]
• Born: Mikhail Tanich, popular Russian songwriter and 1990 founder of the group Lesopoval; in Taganrog, Russian SFSR, Soviet Union (d. 2008)

September 16, 1923 (Sunday)[edit]

• The Amakasu Incident occurred in Japan when two anarchists, Sakae Ōsugi and Noe Itō, were beaten to death, along with Sakae’s 6-year-old nephew Munekazu Tachibana, by a detachment of the Japanese military police, the Kenpeitai, under the command of Masahiko Amakasu. The bodies of the man, woman and boy were then^{[clarification needed]} into a well.^[61]
• The popular Australian comic strip Fatty Finn, created by Syd Nicholls, made its first appearance, debuting in Sydney’s Sunday News.^[62]
• The romantic drama Zaza, starring Gloria Swanson and H. B. Warner was released.^{[citation needed]}
• The Harold Lloyd comedy film Why Worry? was released.^[63]
• Born:
• Died: Sir Walter Davidson, 64, British Governor of the Australian state of New South Wales since 1918, former colonial governor of the Seychelles (1903–1912) and the Dominion of Newfoundland (1913–1917).

September 17, 1923 (Monday)[edit]

• A fast moving wildfire destroyed 584 houses and 56 other buildings in Berkeley, California, north of the University of California campus.^[65]
• Former Prime Minister Abdel Khalek Sarwat Pasha returned to Egypt after having spent nearly 15 months in exile in the Seychelles and then five more months in France.^{[citation needed]}
• The Sutton Vane play Outward Bound premiered at the Everyman Theatre in Hampstead, London, England.^{[citation needed]}
• Club Deportivo Luis Ángel Firpo, commonly called “L.A. Firpo” and winner of 10 championships in La Primera, El Salvador’s top-level soccer league, was founded in the city of Usulután. Originally called Club Deportivo Tecún Umán, it was renamed four days later for Argentine boxer Luis Ángel Firpo, who had recently fought world champion Jack Dempsey.^[66]
• Born:
• Died: William Henry Merrill, 54, American electrical engineer who founded (in 1894) Underwriters Laboratories to test, and certify as safe, industrial and consumer electrical appliances.

September 18, 1923 (Tuesday)[edit]

September 19, 1923 (Wednesday)[edit]

September 20, 1923 (Thursday)[edit]

September 21, 1923 (Friday)[edit]

September 22, 1923 (Saturday)[edit]

• Police cells in Chicago were filled to capacity after 600 arrests were made in a citywide raid on speakeasies.^[75]
• Born:
• Died: Hermann Kiese, 58, German rose cultivator known for creating multiple hybrids, including the Veilchenbdlau blue violet rose

September 23, 1923 (Sunday)[edit]

• Lightning strikes killed five competitors in the annual Gordon Bennett Cup balloon race, and injured six others. The dead were U.S. Army lieutenants John W. Choptaw and Robert S. Olmsted, whose S-6 balloon crashed in the Netherlands near Loosbroek; two people on the Swiss balloon Génève which burned after being hit by lightning; and a person on the Spanish balloon Polar.^{[citation needed]}
• King Boris III of Bulgaria dissolved parliament, which had not met since the overthrow of Aleksandar Stamboliyski, and declared a state of emergency.^[76]
• The Call of the Wild, the first film adaptation of Jack London’s 1903 novel of the same name, premiered in the U.S.^{[citation needed]}
• Born:
• Died:

September 24, 1923 (Monday)[edit]

• Governor Walton of Oklahoma directed all citizen soldiers of the state to be prepared “with such arms as they possess or can obtain to come to the assistance of the sovereign state of Oklahoma when ordered to do so by the governor.”^[77]
• Murray State University began classes in the U.S. state of Kentucky as Murray State Normal School, with 202 students in at a former high school building until its permanent campus could be opened.^[78] Nearly 100 years later, it would have an enrollment of more than 9,000 students.
• The U.S. Bureau of Fisheries vessel USFS Curlew rescued 58 of the 75 passengers and crew from the Canadian ferryboat Waubic.^[79]
• Born: Ladislav Fuks, Czech novelist; in Prague, Czechoslovakia (d. 1994)
• Died: William Henry Ellis, 59, African-American entrepreneur and millionaire who had attempted to create a colony for African-Americans in Mexico’s Tlahualilo Municipality.

September 25, 1923 (Tuesday)[edit]

• The German government, led by Friedrich Ebert, officially ended its campaign of passive resistance against occupying forces.^[80] In response, extremist groups, upset over Germany “losing another war”, met to discuss overthrow of the government.^[81] Nazi Party leader Adolf Hitler met in Munich with the top right-wing leaders who would form the Kampfbund and persuaded them to entrust him as their leader. Ernst Röhm would write later that Hermann Kriebel, Hitler, Hermann Göring of the Sturmabteilung, Adolf Heiss and Joseph Seydel of the Bund Reichskriegsflagge, and Friedrich Weber of the Bund Oberland, conferred on the situation and that “In a magnificent speech lasting two hours and a half, Hitler unraveled a gripping picture of the political situation, and at its conclusion requested us to entrust the full political leadership to him. Tears in his eyes… Heiss extended him his hand and acceded to his request, and Weber followed his example. I was also highly emotional, for I was seeing the concept take shape for which I had yearned for so long. Now I believed that the hour of our liberation was nearer…”^[82]
• The first scheduled passenger airline service by flying boat commenced as British Marine Air Navigation Company began flights with three Supermarine Super Eagle aircraft on flights between Southampton in Britain, and Guernsey, one of the Channel Islands.^[83]
• Born:

September 26, 1923 (Wednesday)[edit]

• German Chancellor Gustav Stresemann suspended seven articles of the Weimar Constitution and declared a state of emergency.^[85]
• Bavarian Prime Minister Eugen von Knilling appointed Gustav von Kahr State Commissioner and granted him dictatorial powers.^[86][87]
• Bulgarian troops went on the offensive against the rebels, attacking Ferdinand and Boychinovtsi.^[88]
• The Council of Ambassadors awarded Italy an indemnity of 50 million lire against Greece over the Corfu incident, over British protests.^[89]
• German intelligence agent Lothar Witzke, who had been arrested in 1918 in the United States, was pardoned of his espionage conviction by U.S. President Calvin Coolidge, and deported to Berlin.^{[citation needed]}
• The San Francisco Opera made its debut, presenting its first program, La bohème, at the city’s Civic Auditorium.^{[citation needed]}
• The dramatic film A Woman of Paris, directed by Charlie Chaplin and starring Edna Purviance, premiered at the Criterion Theatre in Hollywood.^[90]
• Born:
• Died: Aubrey Herbert, 43, British diplomat and champion of Albanian independence, died of blood poisoning from a dental extraction^[92] On two occasions, Herbert had been offered the throne of Albania during a search for a neutral monarch.^[93]

September 27, 1923 (Thursday)[edit]

• A train wreck killed 30 people in the U.S. state of Wyoming after a bridge was washed away by flooding of the North Platte River. The Chicago, Burlington and Quincy Railroad train was making an overnight trip from Casper, Wyoming toward Denver, Colorado, and was only 15 miles (24 km) out of Casper when it plunged into Cole Creek near what is now the community of Meadow Acres in the worst rail accident in Wyoming history.
• German Army Major Bruno Buchrucker sent out an order directing 4,500 men of the paramilitary group Black Reichswehr to assemble on September 30 to carry out a coup against the German government.^[97]
• The Oklahoma Supreme Court allowed a referendum to go ahead on October 2 in which voters would decide if the state legislature could convene without being called by the governor. If voters approved the measure then impeachment proceedings were sure to go ahead against Governor Jack C. Walton, who was therefore fighting to block the referendum.^[98]
• The Soviet Union deported anarchists Senya Fleshin and Molly Steimer, placing both of them on a ship bound for Germany after they had gone on a hunger strike while in a Soviet prison. Molly Steimer had been deported from the United States on November 24, 1921, after having served prison sentences in the U.S. for anarchist activities.^[99]
• Born: Violetta Farjeon, English stage actress and singer; in Kensington, London (d. 2015)

September 28, 1923 (Friday)[edit]

• Abyssinia was admitted to the League of Nations, by unanimous vote of the League’s General Assembly.^[100]
• Violent windstorms and flooding struck Louisville, Nebraska and Council Bluffs, Iowa, killing 14 people.^[101]
• The New York Giants beat the Brooklyn Robins 3–0 to clinch the National League pennant and would meet the New York Yankees in the World Series for the third straight year.^[102]
• The British magazine Radio Times began publication.^[103]
• Born:
  • Giuseppe Casale, Italian Roman Catholic bishop (d. 2023)
  • Robert Guestier Goelet, French-born American philanthropist, former president of the American Museum of Natural History; in Amblainville, Oise département (d. 2019)
  • Roedad Khan, long-serving Pakistani government minister for six different prime ministers between from 1958 and 1993; including as Pakistan’s Interior Secretary (1978 to 1988); in Mardan, North-West Frontier Province, British India (alive in 2024)
  • Tuli Kupferberg, American singer, poet, and writer (d. 2010)
  • John Scott, 9th Duke of Buccleuch, Scottish captain and politician, Lord Lieutenant of Selkirkshire(d. 2007)
  • William Windom, American actor (d. 2012)

September 29, 1923 (Saturday)[edit]

September 30, 1923 (Sunday)[edit]

• The Küstrin Putsch was carried out by militants of the Black Reichswehr, led by Bruno Ernst Buchrucker, in an attempt to start a coup against the government by seizing three forts around the city of Küstrin, east of Berlin.^[108]
• A riot broke out in Düsseldorf in Germany after a mob rushed a crowd gathered outdoors to hear a speech by separatist leader Josef Friedrich Matthes. 16 were killed in the fighting.^[109]
• The French airship Dixmude completed a record nonstop flight of 118 hours and 41 minutes from Cuers across the Mediterranean into the Sahara and back towards Paris and then back to Cuers again.^[110]
• The fifth and final film of stage magician Harry Houdini, Haldane of the Secret Service, was released by his own Houdini Picture Corporation. The 84-minute silent adventure film, starring Houdini as “Heath Haldane”, was produced by the Houdini Picture Corporation and marked his last venture as a director and an actor.^[111]
• Born:

References[edit]

External links[edit]

Media related to September 1923 at Wikimedia Commons