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Third party and independent candidates for the 2024 United States presidential election: Difference between revisions

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!{{vert header|cellstyle=background-color:{{party color|Independent}}|va=middle|[[Independent politician|Independent]]}}

!{{vert header|cellstyle=background-color:{{party color|Independent}}|va=middle|[[Independent politician|Independent]]}}

| style=”vertical-align:top;” |[[File:Robert F. Kennedy, Jr. with supporter (53513231602) (cropped).jpg|frameless|150px]]<br />”'[[Robert F. Kennedy Jr.]]”'<br />Attorney and activist from [[California]]

| style=”vertical-align:top;” |[[File:Robert F. Kennedy, Jr. with supporter (53513231602) (cropped).jpg|frameless|150px]]<br />”'[[Robert F. Kennedy Jr.]]”'<br />Attorney and activist from [[California]]

| |[[File:Nicole Shanahan.jpg |frameless|150px]]”'[[Nicole Shanahan]]”'<br /> Attorney and technologist from [[California]]

|”'[[Nicole Shanahan]]”'<br /> Attorney and technologist from [[California]]

|[[File:Kennedy Shanahan 2024 Campaign Logo.png|frameless|150x150px]]

|[[File:Kennedy Shanahan 2024 Campaign Logo.png|frameless|150x150px]]

[https://www.kennedy24.com Website]<br>[[Robert F. Kennedy Jr. 2024 presidential campaign|Campaign]]<hr />FEC filing<ref>{{Cite web |date=April 5, 2023 |title=Statement of Candidacy|url=https://docquery.fec.gov/pdf/672/202304059579709672/202304059579709672.pdf |url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230407072442/https://docquery.fec.gov/pdf/672/202304059579709672/202304059579709672.pdf|archive-date=April 7, 2023 |access-date=April 5, 2023 |website=docquery.fec.gov}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=April 6, 2023 |title=Statement of Candidacy |url=https://docquery.fec.gov/pdf/515/202304069579725515/202304069579725515.pdf|url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230425001042/https://docquery.fec.gov/pdf/515/202304069579725515/202304069579725515.pdf |archive-date=April 25, 2023 |access-date=May 12, 2023|website=docquery.fec.gov}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=October 17, 2023 |title=Statement of Candidacy |url=https://docquery.fec.gov/pdf/800/202310179598479800/202310179598479800.pdf |access-date=December 10, 2023|website=docquery.fec.gov |archive-date=December 10, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231210085350/https://docquery.fec.gov/pdf/800/202310179598479800/202310179598479800.pdf |url-status=live }}</ref><br />

[https://www.kennedy24.com Website]<br>[[Robert F. Kennedy Jr. 2024 presidential campaign|Campaign]]<hr />FEC filing<ref>{{Cite web |date=April 5, 2023 |title=Statement of Candidacy|url=https://docquery.fec.gov/pdf/672/202304059579709672/202304059579709672.pdf |url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230407072442/https://docquery.fec.gov/pdf/672/202304059579709672/202304059579709672.pdf|archive-date=April 7, 2023 |access-date=April 5, 2023 |website=docquery.fec.gov}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=April 6, 2023 |title=Statement of Candidacy |url=https://docquery.fec.gov/pdf/515/202304069579725515/202304069579725515.pdf|url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230425001042/https://docquery.fec.gov/pdf/515/202304069579725515/202304069579725515.pdf |archive-date=April 25, 2023 |access-date=May 12, 2023|website=docquery.fec.gov}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=October 17, 2023 |title=Statement of Candidacy |url=https://docquery.fec.gov/pdf/800/202310179598479800/202310179598479800.pdf |access-date=December 10, 2023|website=docquery.fec.gov |archive-date=December 10, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231210085350/https://docquery.fec.gov/pdf/800/202310179598479800/202310179598479800.pdf |url-status=live }}</ref><br />

Third party and independent candidates for the 2024 United States presidential election

This article lists third party and independent candidates, also jointly known as minor candidates, associated with the 2024 United States presidential election.

Early polling for third party candidates in this election cycle has suggested the highest level of support for such a candidate since Ross Perot in 1992 and 1996.[1] Polls were especially high for Robert F. Kennedy Jr., who withdrew his candidacy in the Democratic Party primaries in October 2023 to run as an independent.[2]

General election candidates[edit]

Candidates with ballot access[edit]

The following general election candidates currently have ballot access to fewer than 270 electoral votes, the minimum number required to attain the presidency. Ballot access deadlines vary from state to state.

Party

 Presidential nominee Vice presidential nominee Campaign States with ballot access Ref.

Robert F. Kennedy Jr.
Attorney and activist from California 		Nicole Shanahan
Attorney and technologist from California
Website
Campaign

FEC filing[3][4][5]

Additional party nominations:
We the People Party (HI)

  Certified for ballot (2 states, 10 electors)[i]
  Petition awaiting certification (6 states, 61 electors)[ii]
  Automatic write-in (8 states, 66 electors)[iii]

  Not on ballot

 [13][14][15]

Cornel West
Academic and activist from California 		TBD
Website
Campaign

FEC filing[16][17][18]

Additional party nominations:
Aurora Party (AK)[19]
Oregon Progressive Party (OR)[20]
United Citizens Party (SC)[better source needed][21]

  Certified for ballot (4 states, 26 electors)[iv]
  Automatic write-in (8 states, 62 electors)[v]

  Not on ballot

 [19]
Claudia De la Cruz
Activist from New York 		Karina Garcia
Activist
Website

FEC filing[22]
Additional party nominations:
South Carolina Workers Party (SC)
Listed as an independent in:
UT

  Certified for ballot (4 states, 23 electors)[vi]

{

  Automatic write-in (9 states, 70 electors)[vii]

  Not on ballot

 [24]

Peter Sonski
Local politician from Connecticut
Lauren Onak
Teacher from Florida
Website

June 13, 2023
FEC filing[25]

Automatic write-in (9 states, 70 electors)[ix]

  Not on ballot

 [27]
Michael Wood
Businessman 		John Pietrowski Website

July 5, 2023
FEC filing[28]

  Certified for ballot (1 state, 6 electors)[x]
  Automatic write-in (9 states, 70 electors)[xi]

  Not on ballot

 [30]

Candidates without ballot access[edit]

Parties and candidates in this section have not attained ballot lines in any states.

Nominating processes[edit]

Libertarian Party[edit]

The Libertarian Party is participating in several non-binding preference primaries in 2024. The party’s presidential nominee will be chosen directly by delegates at the 2024 Libertarian National Convention, which is scheduled to be held on Memorial Day weekend from May 24 to 26, 2024, in Washington, D.C.[36][37]

This section includes declared candidates who have filed paperwork with the Federal Election Commission with intent to run under the Libertarian Party and who meet one or more of the following criteria: a) meet Wikipedia’s notability guidelines; b) have participated in at least three Libertarian Party-sponsored debates or c) have received non-trivial media coverage as a candidate in this election cycle.

Declared candidates in the 2024 Libertarian Party presidential primaries
Name Born Experience Home state Campaign
Announcement date 		Contests
won 		Popular
vote 		Ref.

Charles Ballay

January 1, 1970
(age 54)
New Orleans, Louisiana 		Otolaryngologist
Louisiana
Website

August 24, 2023
FEC filing[38]

1
(CA) 		22,018 (57.7%) [39]

Jacob Hornberger		 January 28, 1950
(age 74)
Laredo, Texas 		Founder and President of the Future of Freedom Foundation
Independent candidate for U.S. Senate from Virginia in 2002
Candidate for President in 2000 and 2020
Virginia
Website

February 20, 2023
FEC filing[40]

0 1,827 (4.8%) [41]

Lars Mapstead
Lars Mapstead

August 14, 1969
(age 54)
Monterey, California 		Co-founder of Friend Finder Networks
Founder of Fupa Games and Legendary Speed[42]

California


Website

March 23, 2021
FEC filing[43]

0 596 (1.6%) [44]

Chase Oliver 		August 16, 1985
(age 38)
Nashville, Tennessee 		Nominee for U.S. Senator from Georgia in 2022
Candidate for GA-05 in 2020
Chair of the Atlanta Libertarian Party (2016–2017)

Georgia


Website

April 5, 2023
FEC filing[45]

4
(IA, IN, AZ, OK) 		2,837 (7.4%) [46]

Art Olivier 		August 24, 1957
(age 66)
Lynwood, California 		Nominee for U.S. Vice President in 2000
Nominee for Governor of California in 2006
Mayor of Bellflower, California (1998–1999)

California


Website

December 11, 2023
FEC filing[47]

0 5 (nil%) [48]

Michael
Rectenwald 		January 29, 1959
(age 65)
Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 		Author and Scholar
Former New York University professor (2008–2019)

Pennsylvania


Website

August 28, 2023
FEC filing[49]

2
(MS, AL) 		809 (2.1%) [41]


Joshua Smith

March 13, 1983
(age 41)
Antioch, California 		Vice Chair of the Libertarian National Committee
(2022–2023)

Iowa


Website

July 24, 2023
FEC filing[50]

1
(MN) 		405 (1.1%) [41]
Mike ter Maat Libertarian candidate for President of the United States
Mike ter Maat 		June 20, 1961
(age 62)
Portland, Oregon 		Economist
Former Hallandale Beach, Florida police officer
Nominee for FL-20 in 2022

Virginia


Website

April 18, 2022
FEC filing[51]

1
(PA) 		511 (1.3%) [44]
Alternate ballot options:
No preference/
None of the above/
Uncommitted		 N/A 2
(NC, MA) 		6,045 (15.8%) [52]

Green Party[edit]

The Green Party is holding a series of presidential primaries through which convention delegates will be awarded to candidates and will nominate the party’s presidential ticket at the 2024 Green National Convention,[53] which is scheduled to take place as a virtual event from July 11 to 14, 2024.[54]

The individuals listed below are declared candidates who have filed paperwork with the Federal Election Commission with intent to run under the Green Party and who meet one or more of the following criteria: a) meet Wikipedia’s notability guidelines; b) have participated (or have been invited to participate) in at least two Green Party-sponsored debates or c) have received non-trivial media coverage as a candidate in this election cycle.

Declared major candidates for the 2024 Green Party presidential primaries
Name Born Experience Home state Campaign
Announcement date 		Contests won Delegates Popular vote Running mate Ref.
Candidates with pledged delegates

Jill Stein 		May 14, 1950
(age 73)
Chicago, Illinois 		Nominee for president in 2012 and 2016
Member of the Lexington Town Meeting from the 2nd Precinct
Activist
Massachusetts
Campaign
Website

November 9, 2023
FEC filing[55][56]

8 (AZ, CA, IL, KS, PA, NY, WA, WV[b]) 210 needed to win 15,861 (99.8%) [57]
Jasmine Sherman August 17, 1985
(age 38)
Queens, New York 		Executive Director of Greater Charlotte Rise

North Carolina

Website

February 18, 2022
FEC filing[58][59]

210 needed to win 32 (0.2%) Tanda Blubear[60] [61][62]
Other candidates formally recognized by GPUS[63]
Jorge Zavala unknown Businessman

California

Website

October 13, 2023
FEC filing[64]

5 (nil%) [65][62]
Alternate ballot options:
None of the above N/A 0 1 (nil%)

Peace and Freedom Party[edit]

The Peace and Freedom Party held a non-binding preference primary in California on Super Tuesday, March 5. Claudia De la Cruz, the nominee of the Party for Socialism and Liberation, won the primary with a plurality, defeating Jasmine Sherman and Cornel West.[66] The party’s presidential nominee will be chosen by the state central committee in August.[67]

Prohibition Party[edit]

The Prohibition Party held its presidential nominating convention on May 8–9, 2023, in Buffalo, New York. Three candidates stood for nomination; Michael Wood was nominated on the first ballot.[68]

Prohibition Party Presidential Nomination
Candidate Votes Percentage
Michael Wood 8 61.5%
Zack Kusnir 4 30.8%
Scott Baier 0 0.0%
Jay Rockefeller (write-in) 1 7.7%
Total: 13 100.00%
Source:[69]
Prohibition Party Vice Presidential Nomination
Candidate Votes Percentage
John Petrowski Nominated via Unanimous Consent
Source:[70]

Legal Marijuana Now Party[edit]

The Legal Marijuana Now Party held its first-ever presidential nomination primary in Minnesota on Super Tuesday, March 5. This was the first presidential primary to be held in Minnesota for a third party since 1916.[71] Krystal Gabel withdrew from the race during Legal Marijuana Now Party’s candidate filing discussions. When Gabel asked to be removed from the ballot, after early voting had started on January 19, 2024, the Minnesota Secretary of State‘s office stated that changes cannot be made to the list of candidates after the list was certified 63 days prior to the election, and Gabel’s name remained on ballots.[72]

Five candidates appeared on the ballot:

Of Minnesota’s three major political parties, all of which included a write in option for their 2024 nominating primaries, only the Legal Marijuana Now party submitted to the Secretary of State a write in name to be counted, singer-songwriter Willie Nelson.[74]

Gabel won a plurality of the vote (28.8%), but withdrew ahead of the primary. Of declared candidates, Dennis Schuller finished in the lead, with 17.4%.[76]

The party is also ballot-qualified in Nebraska, but no candidates qualified for the May 14 primary.[77]

Constitution Party[edit]

The Constitution Party plans to hold its Presidential Nominating Convention on April 24–27, 2024, in Salt Lake City, Utah.[78][79]

American Independent Party[edit]

The American Independent Party held a presidential preference primary in California on March 5, 2024. James Bradley was the only candidate listed on the ballot. Andrew George Rummel was a recognized write-in candidate, but as of March 11, write-in votes have not been tallied.[80][81]

Forward Party[edit]

The Forward Party does not plan on nominating a candidate in the 2024 presidential election.[82] Outside of his role in the organization, founder Andrew Yang endorsed Dean Phillips in the Democratic primary.[83]

Approval Voting Party[edit]

The Approval Voting Party received 409 votes for president in 2020.[84] It is currently only ballot-approved in Colorado.[85]

Unity Party[edit]

The Unity Party of America will hold its nominating convention on April 13, 2024, including a debate between the candidates, moderated by former party chair Elijah Herson. Two candidates are currently vying for the nomination:[86]

  • Bill Hammons, co-founder and chairman of the Unity Party; nominee for president in 2020
  • Donnie Harold Harris, business owner and write-in candidate for governor of Indiana in 2012

Additionally, officials of the party have publicly invited other independent candidates to seek the Unity nomination.[87][88] The party is currently only ballot-approved in Colorado.[85] In 2020, Hammons was on the ballot in three states and received 6,647 votes.[84]

United Kansas[edit]

The United Kansas party was established in 2024, and is expected to field a fusion ticket for president and vice president. It is ballot-qualified in Kansas.[89]

Alliance Party[edit]

The Alliance Party received 88,236 votes for president in 2020.[84] It is ballot-qualified in South Carolina and Alaska.[90][91]

Green Mountain Peace and Justice[edit]

The Green Mountain Peace and Justice Party is a regional ballot-qualified party in Vermont which has regularly nominated candidates for president since 1972.[92] It nominated Gloria La Riva, the PSL nominee, in 2020. She received 166 votes in Vermont.[84]

Other parties and independents[edit]

As of March 2024, the following notable individuals are declared presidential candidates that are running as an independent or as the potential nominee of an unspecified third party, but do not have ballot access.

Potential candidates[edit]

As of March 2024, there has been speculation about the potential candidacy as an independent or with an unspecified third party, for the following notable individuals, within the previous six months.

No Labels[edit]

The following individuals have been rumored to be potential candidates for the No Labels unity ticket.

Publicly expressed interest[edit]

Declined[edit]

Independent/unspecified[edit]

Publicly expressed interest[edit]

Withdrawn candidates[edit]

The following notable individual(s) announced and then suspended their campaigns before the election:

Declined to be candidates[edit]

The following notable individuals have been the subject of speculation about their possible candidacy, but have publicly denied interest in running.

Debates and forums[edit]

The Muslim Civic Coalition hosted a forum featuring Green Jill Stein and independent Cornel West on February 3 in Oak Brook, Illinois. The organization claimed all presidential candidates were invited to attend.[143]

The Libertarian Party of California hosted two multiparty debates at their state convention February 24–25. The first night featured Libertarian candidates Michael Rectenwald and Mike ter Maat and independent candidate Robert F. Kennedy Jr. Green candidate Jill Stein was advertised as attending but ultimately did not.[144] The second night featured Libertarian candidates Charles Ballay, Lars Mapstead, and Jacob Hornberger alongside independent candidate Cornel West.[145]

Free and Equal hosted a multiparty debate on February 29, 2024, moderated by the foundation’s chair, Christina Tobin. Candidates were chosen via a point system style voting through the organization’s “block-chain voting app” with an audit process after the fact. Socialism and Liberation nominee Claudia De la Cruz, independent candidates Cornel West and Robert F. Kennedy Jr., Libertarian candidates Chase Oliver and Lars Mapstead, and Green candidates Jill Stein and Jasmine Sherman were invited, although Kennedy and West declined to attend.[146][147] The two hour debate was broadcast on YouTube, Rumble, and CSPAN among various other platforms. At one point, co-moderator Jason Michael Palmer remarked on the five candidates’ relative agreement on social issues, although the debate became more combative towards the end. [148] Jasmine Sherman won the organization’s post-debate ranked choice voting poll.[149]

On March 17, the Libertarian Party of New York was scheduled to host a debate featuring Green Party candidate Jill Stein alongside seven Libertarian candidates, but Stein ultimately did not attend.[150][151]

On April 6, the Libertarian Party of Louisiana is scheduled to host a debate featuring independent candidate Brett Dillon alongside seven Libertarian candidates.[152]

Ballot access[edit]

Polling[edit]

2024 Hypothetical polling

Hypothetical polling with third party and independent candidates
Poll source Date(s)
administered 		Sample
size 		Joe
Biden 		Donald
Trump 		Nikki
Haley 		Cornel
West 		Robert F.
Kennedy Jr 		Joe
Manchin 		Jill
Stein 		Other Undecided Margin
McLaughlin & Associates March 9–14, 2024 1000 (LV) 34% 38% – 2% 12% 2% 2% – 9% Trump +4%
Big Village March 8–13, 2024 1518 (LV) 39.5% 40.9% – 1.8% 8.5% – – 1.0%
(Would not vote) 		8.2% Trump +1.4%
Reuters/Ipsos March 7–13, 2024 4094 (A) 31% 32% – – 16% – – 10%
(I wouldn’t vote) 		11% Trump +1%
USA Today/Suffolk University March 8–11, 2024 1000 (RV) 38% 40% – 2% 9% 2%
(No Labels candidate) 		2% 1%
(Libertarian candidate) 		5% Trump +2%
HarrisX March 8–10, 2024 2017 (RV) 35% 41% – 1% 12% – 1% – 10% Trump +6%
Emerson College March 5–6, 2024 1350 (RV) 41.5% 43.2% – 1.6% 6.0% – 0.5% – 7.2% Trump +1.7%
Redfield & Wilton Strategies March 2, 2024 1500 (LV) 39% 43% – – 9% – – – 7% Trump +4%
I&I/Tipp February 28 – March 1, 2024 1246 (RV) 38% 38% – 2% 9% – 1% 3% 9% Even
G Squared Public Strategies/Third Way February 27 – March 1, 2024 2000 (LV) 36% 36% 8%[d] – 13% – – – 7% Even
Fox News February 25–28, 2024 1262 (RV) 38% 41% – 3% 13% – 2% <1% 2% Trump +3%
Fox News February 25–28, 2024 1262 (RV) 35% – 28% 5% 24% – 2% 3%[e] 2% Biden +7%
HarrisX February 24–28, 2024 3021 (RV) 36% 40% – 2% 11% – 1% – 10% Trump +4%
Wall Street Journal February 21–28, 2024 1745 (RV) 35% 40% – 2% 9% – 1% 1%
(Lars Mapstead) 		12% Trump +5%
HarrisX February 20–23, 2024 3010 (RV) 40% 42% – 2% 12% – 1% – 11% Trump +2%
Harvard/HarrisX February 21–22, 2024 2022 (RV) 33% 42% – 1% 14% – 1% – 8% Trump +9%
Quinnipiac February 15–19, 2024 1421 (RV) 38% 37% – 3% 15% – 3% 1%
(Wouldn’t vote) 		2% Biden +1%
Quinnipiac February 15–19, 2024 1421 (RV) 35% – 27% 5% 24% – 3% 4%[f] 2% Biden +8%
February 16, 2024 Manchin announces he won’t run for President
Emerson College February 13–14, 2024 1225 (RV) 37.9% 40.2% – 1.4% 6.7% – 1.3% – 12.5% Trump +2.3%
Echelon Insights February 12–14, 2024 1015 (LV) 37% 42% – 2% 8% 2% 2% – 6% Trump +5%
Redfield & Wilton February 10, 2024 ??? (LV) 41% 42% – – 8% – – 3% 6% Trump +1%
Marquette Law February 5–15, 2024 628 (LV) 40% 43% – 1% 14% – 1% <1% – Trump +3%
Atlas Intel February 2–7, 2024 1637 (RV) 42.3% 43.9% – 0.1% 5.2% – – 5.2%[g] 4.7% Trump +1.6%
Atlas Intel February 2–7, 2024 1637 (RV) 41% – 23% 0.5% 11.4% – – 13.9%[g] 10.2% Biden +18%
Atlas Intel February 2–7, 2024 1637 (RV) 41.6%
(Michelle Obama) 		39% – 0% 5.1% – – 4%[g] 10.3% Obama +2.6%
Survey USA January 31 – February 2, 2024 1500 (RV) 40% 45% 13% – – – – – 3% Trump +5%
Survey USA January 31 – February 2, 2024 1500 (RV) 36% 43% 11% – 9% – – – 2% Trump +7%
Survey USA January 31 – February 2, 2024 1500 (RV) 36% 41% 10% 1% 10% – – – 2% Trump +5%
I&I/Tipp January 31 – February 2, 2024 1266 (RV) 34% 40% – 2% 8% 1% 3% 3%[h] 10% Trump +6%
YouGov/UMass January 25–30, 2024 989 (LV) 39% 43% – – 9% – – 4% 4% Trump +4%
McLaughlin & Associates January 25–31, 2024 1000 (LV) 34% 39% – 2% 9% 2% 2% – 12% Trump +5%
Emerson College January 26–29, 2024 1260 (RV) 36.9% 41.7% 11.8% – – – – – 9.6% Trump +4.8%
Emerson College January 26–29, 2024 1260 (RV) 39.2% 41.4% – 0.8% 4.9% – 0.8% – 13% Trump +2.2%
Quinnipiac January 25–29, 2024 1650 (RV) 39% 37% – 3% 14% 2% – 2%[i] 3% Biden +2%
Quinnipiac January 25–29, 2024 1650 (RV) 36% – 29% 3% 21% 2% – 5%[j] 3% Biden +7%
Reuters/Ipsos January 22–24, 2024 1250 (RV) 30% 36% – – 8% – – 12%[k] 13% Trump +6%
Harvard/HarrisX January 17–18, 2024 2346 (RV) 31% 42% – 2% 15% – 2% – 8% Trump +11%
Echelon Insights January 16–18, 2024 1029 (LV) 35% 41% – 2% 11% 2% 3% – 6% Trump +6%
Messenger/Harris X January 16–17, 2024 1045 (RV) 37% 40% – 2% 11% – 1% – 9% Trump +3%
Cygnal January 11–12, 2024 2000 (LV) 41.4% 41.5% – – 10.2% – – – 6.9% Trump +.1%
Reuters/Ipsos January 3–9, 2024 4677 (A) 29% 30% – – 18% – – 11%
(I wouldn’t vote) 		13% Trump +1%
I&I/Tipp January 3–5, 2024 1247 (RV) 34% 37% – 2% 8% 1% 1% 5%[l] 11% Trump +3%

2023 Hypothetical polling

Hypothetical polling with third party and independent candidates
Poll source Date(s)
administered 		Sample
size 		Joe
Biden 		Donald
Trump 		Cornel
West 		Robert F.
Kennedy Jr 		Joe
Manchin 		Jill
Stein 		Other Undecided Margin
USA Today/Suffolk University December 26–29, 2023 1000 (LV) 33.9% 37.2% 2.4% 9.5% 1.3% – 3.9%[m] 11.1% Trump +3.3%
Daily Mail/J.L. Partners December 15–20, 2023 984 (LV) 36% 40% 1% 4% – 0% 8% 10% Trump +4%
McLaughlin & Associates December 13–19, 2023 1000 (LV) 34% 36% 2% 10% 3% 2% – 13% Trump +2%
Quinnipiac December 14–18, 2023 1647 (RV) 36% 38% 3% 16% – 3% 2%[n] 3% Trump +2%
Echelon Insights December 12–16, 2023 1012 (LV) 36% 41% 1% 9% – 1% 4%
(Mark Cuban) 		8% Trump +5%
Harvard/Harris December 13–14, 2023 2034 (RV) 33% 41% 2% 15% – 2% – 7% Trump +8%
Fox News December 10–13, 2023 1007 (RV) 37% 41% 2% 14% – 3% 2%[o] 2% Trump +4%
Redfield & Wilton December 8, 2023 1135 (LV) 38% 43% – 9% – – 3% 7% Trump +5%
Rasmussen December 6–10, 2023 892 (LV) 32% 40% – 16% – – 6% 6% Trump +8%
Reuters/Ipsos December 5–11, 2023 4411 (A) 31% 36% – 16% – – 7%
(I wouldn’t vote) 		10% Trump +5%
Cygnal December 5–7, 2023 2000 (LV) 41.9% 42.7% – 9.3% – – – 6.1% Trump +0.8%
Cygnal December 5–7, 2023 2000 (LV) 41.3% 41.0% – 8.0% 3.3% – – 6.4% Biden +0.3%
Emerson College December 4–6, 2023 1000 (RV) 36.7% 43.4% 0.7% 6.5% – 1.1% – 11.5% Trump +6.7%
CNN/SSRS November 29 – December 6, 2023 1197 (RV) 31% 39% 6% 20% – – 2%[p] 2% Trump +8.0%
Wall Street Journal November 29 – December 4, 2023 1500 (RV) 31% 37% 3% 8% 3% 2% 1%
(Lars Mapstead) 		14% Trump +6.0%
Big Village November 27 – December 3, 2023 2219 (LV) 36.3% 41.8% 2.8% 11.7% – – 1.4%
(I would not vote) 		5.9% Trump +5.5%
I&I/Tipp November 29 – December 1, 2023 1301 (RV) 33% 38% 2% 11% – 2% 4% 10% Trump +5.0%
Messenger/HarrisX November 22–28, 2023 4003 (RV) 33% 41% 2% 13% – – – 11% Trump +8.0%
Emerson College November 17–20, 2023 1475 (RV) 36% 42% 1% 7% – 1% – 13% Trump +6.0%
McLaughlin & Associates November 16–20, 2023 1000 (LV) 32% 36% 4% 12% 3% 2% – 12% Trump +4.0%
Messenger/HarrisX November 15–19, 2023 3017 (RV) 33% 40% 2% 14% – – – 11% Trump +7.0%
Harvard/HarrisX November 15–16, 2023 2851 (RV) 33% 41% 2% 16% – 2% – 6% Trump +8.0%
Reuters/Ipsos November 13–14, 2023 1006 (A) 30% 32% – 20% – – 8%
(I wouldn’t vote) 		10% Trump +2.0%
Fox News November 10–13, 2023 1001 (RV) 35% 40% – 13% 5% 4% – 2% Trump +5.0%
Fox News November 10–13, 2023 1001 (RV) 35% 41% 3% 15% – 3% 2%[q] 2% Trump +6.0%
Quinnipiac November 9–13, 2023 1574 (RV) 35% 38% 3% 17% – 3% 1%
(Wouldn’t vote) 		2% Trump +3.0%
November 9, 2023 Stein declares her Green Party candidacy
Rasmussen November 8–12, 2023 987 (LV) 39% 38% – 12% – – – 11% Biden +1.0%
Democracy Corps November 5–11, 2023 500 (RV) 37% 45% 0% 9% 3%
(Manchin-Hogan) 		– 5%[r] – Trump +8.0%
Big Village October 30 – November 5, 2023 1497 (LV) 37.1% 40.1% 1.7% 12.4% – – 1.4% 7.3% Trump +3%
New York Times/Siena October 22 – November 3, 2023 3662 (LV)[s] 34% 36% – 22% – – 1% 5% Trump +2%
I&I/TIPP November 1–3, 2023 1242 (RV) 39% 37% 2% 9% – – 4% 8% Biden +2%
CNN/SSRS October 27 – November 2, 2023 1271 (RV) 35% 41% 4% 16% – – 2% 1% Trump +6%
Cygnal October 30 – November 1, 2023 2000 (LV) 40.4% 39.4% – 11.9% – – – 8.2% Biden +1%
HarrisX/The Messenger October 30 – November 1, 2023 2021 (RV) 36% 41% 2% 11% – – – 10% Trump +5%
American Pulse October 27–30, 2023 568 (LV) 38.9% 39.3% – 11.3% – – 2.6% 7.9% Trump +.4%
Quinnipiac October 26–30, 2023 1610 (RV) 36% 35% 6% 19% – – 2% 2% Biden +1%
Redfield & Wilton Strategies October 29, 2023 1183 (LV) 38% 40% – 10% – – 3%[t] 10% Trump +2%
Echelon Insights October 23–26, 2023 1029 (LV) 35% 38% 1% 12% – – 8%
(No Labels party candidate) 		7% Trump +3%
McLaughlin & Associates October 22–26, 2023 1000 (LV) 35% 38% 2% 12% – – – 13% Trump +3%
Abacus Data October 24–25, 2023 1500 (RV) 39% 39% – 8% – – 5% 10% Even
SP&R October 17–23, 2023 1000 (A) 47% 40% – 6% – – 3% 4% Biden +7%
HarrisX/The Messenger October 16–23, 2023 3029 (RV) 35% 38% 2% 12% – – – 12% Trump +3%
USA Today/Suffolk October 17–20, 2023 1000 (RV) 37% 36% 4% 13% – – – 8% Biden +1%
Harvard/HarrisX October 18–19, 2023 2116 (RV) 31% 39% 3% 18% – – – 9% Trump +8%
LPTAD October 16–19, 2023 1000 (LV) 35% 35% 3% 13% – – – 12% Even
YouGov/Yahoo October 12–16, 2023 1122 (RV) 40% 39% – 9% – – 2% 9% Biden +1%
Zogby Analytics October 13–15, 2023 869 (LV) 41.2% 42.6% 3.7% 12.5% – – – – Trump +1.4%
MNA October 11–17, 2023 3318 (LV) 36.9% 37.9% – 14.2% – – 8.6% 2.4% Trump +1%
NPR/PBS/Marist October 10–11, 2023 1218 (RV) 44% 37% – 16% – – – 3% Biden +7%
October 9, 2023 Kennedy declares his Independent candidacy
Fox News October 6–9, 2023 1007 (RV) 41% 41% – 16% – – 2%[u] 1% Even
Fox News October 6–9, 2023 1007 (RV) 43% 45% 9% – – – 2%[v] 2% Trump +2%
Cygnal October 3–5, 2023 3000 (LV) 38.8% 39.6% – 12.3% – – – 9.3% Trump +0.8%
Reuters/Ipsos October 3–4, 2023 1005 (A) 31% 33% – 14% – – 9% 13% Trump +2%
Echelon Insights September 25–28, 2023 1011 (LV) 36% 40% – 14% – – – 10% Trump +4%
John Zogby Strategies September 23–24, 2023 1008 (LV) 38% 38% – 19% – – 5% – Even
Mclaughlin & Associates September 22–26, 2023 1000 (LV) 36% 40% 4% – 6% – – 14% Trump +4%
Mclaughlin & Associates September 22–26, 2023 1000 (LV) 38% 43% 6% – – – – 13% Trump +5%
Gravis September 19–20, 2023 1262 (LV) 40% 41% 2% – – – 4%
(Lars Mapstead) 		13%
(Other or undecided) 		Trump +1%
Emerson College September 17–18, 2023 1125 (RV) 42% 43% 4% – – – – 11% Trump +1%
YouGov September 7–18, 2023 3098 (RV) 45% 43% – – 2% – 5%[w] 5% Biden +2%
PRRI August 25–30, 2023 2525 (RV) 41% 37% 5% – 10% – – 6% Biden +4%
PRRI August 25–30, 2023 2525 (RV) 38% 43% 4% – – – 10%
(Larry Hogan) 		7% Trump +5%
Wall Street Journal August 24–30, 2023 1500 (RV) 39% 40% 2% – – – 1%
(Lars Mapstead) 		17% Trump +1%
Emerson College August 25–26, 2023 1000 (RV) 39% 44% 4% – – – – 13% Trump +5%
Mclaughlin & Associates August 15–23, 2023 1000 (LV) 41% 42% 6% – – – – 11% Trump +1%
Mclaughlin & Associates August 15–23, 2023 1000 (LV) 38% 39% 5% – 7% – – 12% Trump +1%
Emerson College August 16–17, 2023 1000 (RV) 41% 42% 5% – – – – 13% Trump +1%
McLaughlin & Associates July 19–24, 2023 1000 (LV) 38% 40% 6% – 5% – – 12% Trump +2%
McLaughlin & Associates July 19–24, 2023 1000 (LV) 40% 42% 5% – – – – 13% Trump +2%
Reuters/Ipsos July 11–17, 2023 4414 (A) 31% 31% – 18% – – 9% 10% Even
Echelon Insights June 26–29, 2023 1020 (LV) 42% 43% 4% – – – – 11% Trump +1%
Emerson College June 19–20, 2023 1015 (RV) 40% 41% 6% – – – 7% 6% Trump +1%
June 14, 2023 West declares his candidacy
Data For Progress May 25 – June 5, 2023 1625 (LV) 44% 44% – – – – 6%
(Larry Hogan) 		7% Even
Echelon Insights May 22–25, 2023 1035 (LV) 41% 42% – – 9% – – 8% Trump +1%
RMG Research May 22–24, 2023 1000 (RV) 35% 37% – – 12% – 4% 12% Trump +2%

See also[edit]

  1. ^ a b c d Petition pending approval from the state.
  2. ^ Jill Stein is the only candidate on the ballot for the West Virginia primary, which does not allow for write-ins in primary elections, thus Stein is the presumed winner of the West Virginia primary.
  3. ^ Ayyadurai is not eligible to serve as president as he is not a natural-born citizen.
  4. ^ Listed as Haley and Phillips
  5. ^ Includes
    • 2% for “wouldn’t vote”
    • 1% for other

  6. ^ Includes:
    • 2% for “wouldn’t vote”
    • 1% for “someone else”
    • 1% for “refused”

  7. ^ a b c For “blank or null vote/won’t vote
  8. ^ Includes:
    • 2% for “other”
    • 1% for Lars Mapstead

  9. ^ Includes:
    • “Wouldn’t vote” at 1%
    • “Refused” at 1%

  10. ^ Includes:
    • “Wouldn’t vote” at 3%
    • “Someone else” at 1%
    • “Refused” at 1%

  11. ^ Includes:
    • “I wouldn’t vote” at 10%
    • “Dean Phillips (independent)” at 2%

  12. ^ Includes:
    • “Other” at 4%
    • Lars Mapstead at 1%

  13. ^ Includes:
    • “Lars Mapstead” at 2.3%
    • “No-Labels candidate” at 1.6%

  14. ^ Includes:
    • “Wouldn’t vote” at 1%
    • “Someone else” at 1%

  15. ^ Includes:
    • 1% for “wouldn’t vote”
    • 1% for “other”

  16. ^ Includes:
    • “Other” at 1%
    • “Do not plan to vote” at 1%

  17. ^ Includes:
    • “Wouldn’t vote” at 1%
    • “Other” at 1%

  18. ^ Includes:
    • “Other” at 2%
    • “Chase Oliver” at 2%
    • “Green Party Candidate” at 1%

  19. ^ Only included voters from the “battleground” states of Arizona, Georgia, Michigan Nevada, Pennsylvania and Wisconsin
  20. ^ Includes:
    • “Other (Libertarian)” at 1%
    • “Other (Another Third Party/Write-In)” at 1%
    • “Won’t vote” at 1%

  21. ^ Includes:
    • “Other” at 1%
    • “Wouldn’t Vote” at 1%

  22. ^ Includes:
    • “Other” at 1%
    • “Wouldn’t Vote” at 1%

  23. ^ Includes:
    • “Another Candidate” at 3%
    • “I would not vote” at 2%

Ballot access[edit]

  1. ^ Kennedy on ballot states:

  2. ^ Kennedy on ballot states:

  3. ^ Automatic write-in states:

  4. ^ Cornel West on ballot states:
    • Alaska (3, as Aurora Party)
    • Oregon (8, as Progressive Party)
    • South Carolina (9, as United Citizens Party)
    • Utah (6)

  5. ^ write-in states:

  6. ^ De la Cruz on ballot states:

  7. ^ write-in states:

  8. ^ American Solidarity Party on ballot states:

  9. ^ American Solidarity Party write-in states:

  10. ^ Prohibition Party on ballot states:

  11. ^ Prohibition Party write-in states:

External links[edit]

References[edit]

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