Utilization of Antenatal Care and Skilled Birth Delivery Services in Sub-Saharan Africa: A Systematic Scoping Review

Staffing of medical personnel: nurses, midwives and doctors in a health facility.

Health system and costs should be met through maternal health fee services.

Girl’s education should be promoted.

Encouraging members of the male gender to actively participate in maternal child health.

Pregnant women who were given permission seemed to have timely antenatal care visits.

Women who benefitted from treatment funding seemed more inclined to attend the recommended number of antenatal care appointments (aOR = 1.38, 95% CI = 1.11–1.73)

Lack of funds for treatment, distance to the health facility or desire to travel alone were major determinants hindering antenatal care visits and lack of access to permission; this was the situation in Guinea, Zambia and Mali.

Women aged 15–24, women in education, partners with education, the richest wealth quintile women, planned pregnancies, Muslim women, and those who took healthcare decisions alone and listened to the radio had higher odds of antenatal care uptake.

Level of education was a major factor that influenced ANC and SBA service utilization.

Interventions in the health system at the community level are needed.

High-facility-based SVD and child immunization data corresponded with high ANC visit records.

Efficient tactics for inspiring and retaining a frontline medical health workforce led to increased ANC enrolment.

Financing of universal coverage for quality ANC services improved the potential of service utilization.

Only 21.2% utilised all three components of MCH.

Women with National Health Insurance Scheme (NHIS) cover utilised ANC and other components of MCH more.

Married women and wealth status.

ANC visits were higher amongst migrant household mothers than non-migrant mothers.

The welfare of migrant households could not be com-pared to that of non-migrant households, as the migrant households had better welfare.

Access to health insurance gives more financial protection to migrant mothers.

Increased early ANC utilization is directly associated with ages 35–49, education, no distance issues to a health facility, the costs of health services, availability of community workers and desire for pregnancy.

Being a primigravida was more likely to meet all three maternal health service indicators.

Important factors linked with ANC visits and SBAs are literacy, affluence, autonomy. power and the distance of residence to the health centre.

Significant predictors for SBA utilization services are the educational level of women, husband’s occupation, pregnancy complications and place of previous childbirth.

Poverty rate, lack of medical equipment supplies, and absence of healthcare providers are identified barriers to SBA utilization.

Enabling factors are access to medical staff, husband’s support and the cost of services.

There is a clear socio-economic stratum among reproductive-age women using maternal health service utilization.

Households’ status, education and access to health facilities were positive factors associated with antenatal care and skilled birth attendant delivery.

The percentage of women who attended at least one antenatal visit during their last pregnancy was 87%.

The attendance of ANC services was largely influenced by certain demographic variables like age, level of education, income, exposure to the media and knowledge of the danger signs of pregnancy.

A large percentage of respondents, 37 (94.1%), attended ANC.

Maternal education, occupation (Job type), wealth status and religion were statically related to the utilization of skilled delivery.

The following was reported as the determinants of adequate ANC service utilization: education, peer influence, husband support, wealth status index, follow-up strategy, history of risky pregnancy, and planned pregnancy.

Of 400 women, 97.3% received antenatal care at their last pregnancy, while 75.0% of them had four or more ANC visits.

Pregnancy planned (aOR = 3.9; 95% CI: 1.8–8.3) and awareness of danger signs in pregnancy.

In total, 34.5% received at least one antenatal care visit for the current pregnancy.

Factors associated with antenatal care utilization included food security, education attainment, good level of knowledge of antenatal care and being from a wealthy household.

Female education, parity, experience of terminated pregnancy, residing in more affluent households and polygamous families indicated positive impacts on ANC visits and a strong effect on institutional delivery service utilization.

Components that helped free maternal service uptake were a positive view of the public health facility, proximity to the health facility, learning about the program from a support group and a swift wait time for doctor’s examinations.

Increase in manpower resources had a positive influence on maternal health service utilization, which included ANC and facility birth attendance.

HCW densities are associated with an increased likelihood of ANC utilization services.

Maternal age, household economic status, and status of the child were reported to positively influence at least four antenatal care visits.

The significant statistics which are characteristically linked to health facility delivery are educational status, wealth index, marital status, attending ANC in the first trimester of the gestation period and access to an ANC-trained provider.

In Guinea, factors that influence the utilization of skilled ANC services are exposure to media, decision-making power, maternal husband education status, economic status and place of residence.

Inadequate ANC utilization service: only 24% of women received the recommended ANC package.

The wealth index (OR = 1.33, 95% CI = 1.08–1.65), planned pregnancy (OR = 1.3, 95% CI = 1.11–1.51), and decision-making control (OR = 1.09, 95% CI = 0.80–1.49) all increased service utilization.

Thirty-four percent of women had ANC visits.

Utilization of ANC services is more common among more autonomous women.

Factors that influence the utilization of maternal health services are as follows: women’s education, place of residence, ethnicity, parity, women’s autonomy and household wealth.

Mother’s age, urban residing areas, and distance no more than 16–30 min from a health facility were factors influencing the use of skilled delivery practice.

Mothers with four or more antenatal care (ANC) visits and knowledge about pregnancy complications also utilised skilled delivery services.

Important risk factors for SDC are as follows: educational history, knowledge of maternal health, prior use of skilled delivery care, place of residence and peer influence.

Skilled delivery care utilization was strongly related to attendance of antenatal care services and pregnancy intention.

The frequency of recommended antenatal care utilization in sub-Saharan African countries was 58.53% [95% CI: 58.35, 58.71], with the Southern Region of Africa having the highest ANC utilization (78.86%) and the Eastern Regions having the lowest (53.39%).

Place of residence, mother/husband educational level, maternal occupation, healthcare decision autonomy, wealth index, media exposure, access to healthcare, desired pregnancy, and birth order were all factors influencing recommended ANC utilization in Sub-Saharan Africa.

The percentage of 54% was the demography of the population of women who received ANC for their recent baby delivery.

Marital status, education, husband’s occupation, and proximity of health facility to the village are factors that contributed to ANC utilization.

Prevalence of antenatal care and institutional delivery care utilizations were 69.1% and 52.1%, respectively.

Planned pregnancy, educational level, household training, middle wealth and richest wealth quantile were reported as positive factors associated with antenatal care utilization.

The level of education of the spouse and ANC attendance was connected with institutional delivery

ANC utilization was high (>85%), and facility-based childbirth ranged widely at 77–99%.

Cotonou and Accra outdid Nairobi and Ndjamena which had the lowest result. Most cities had inconsistent levels of utilization across the maternal CoC.

Turnout for at least one antenatal care visit [AOR = 2.83; 95% CI (1.62, 4.93)] and baby delivery at a health facility [AOR = 3.31; 95% CI (1.67, 6.53)] were connected with significant knowledge of neonatal danger signs.

Those who were most likely to use ANC services were mothers with the highest wealth quintiles, lowest birth order, urban residence, younger age and higher education level.

The demography of women who attended one ANC service during their previous pregnancy is 86.1%.

In total, 61.7% received less than the recommended four visits while 46.2% commenced ANC in the second trimester.

Out of 86.1%, only 25.3% gave birth in health institutions.

Institutional delivery was used by local women at a lower rate (20.9% vs. 35.9 for urban women).