Healthcare | Free Full-Text | Exploring the Effectiveness of Self-Management Interventions in Type 2 Diabetes: A Systematic Review and Network Meta-Analysis

HbA1c (%) (461 studies, 97 interventions) E + EB + SS + G −1.42 [−2.02 −0.82] (−2.28, −0.57) 0.98 0% E + MT + EB −0.78 [−1.00, −0.57] (−1.43, −0.14) 0.87 71% E + G + R −0.91 [−1.80, −0.01] (−1.99, 0.18) 0.83 0% E + MT + P + G −0.82 [−1.46, −0.18] (−1.71, 0.06) 0.83 54% MT + AB + R −0.89 [−1.73, −0.04] (−1.93, 0.16) 0.83 0% E + AB + SS + P −1.02 [−2.29, 0.25] (−2.43, 0.39) 0.81 0% E + SS + G −0.69 [−1.04, −0.35] (−1.39, 0.00) 0.81 96% MT + R −0.84 [−1.66, −0.02] (−1.86, 0.18) 0.81 0% Common within-network between-study variance τ² = 0.09, Ι² = 86.5% Design-by-treatment interaction model for inconsistency X² (d.f., p-value, τ²): 154.58 (128, 0.05, 0.32) BMI (kg/m²) (230 studies, 76 interventions) E + AB + EB + SS −1.88 [−2.89, −0.88] (−3.26, −0.51) 0.93 100% E + MT + P + G −1.70 [−3.03, −0.37] (−3.33, −0.07) 0.90 100% E + MT + EB + SS + G −2.40 [−5.34, 0.54] (−5.50, 0.70) 0.89 100% E + MT + AB + EB + R −1.28 [−1.88, −0.68] (−2.39, −0.16) 0.87 88% E + SD −2.10 [−4.90, 0.70] (−5.07, 0.87) 0.86 100% E + MT + AB + SD + P −1.83 [−4.40, 0.74] (−4.58, 0.92) 0.84 76% E + SS + G −1.08 [−1.94, −0.22] (−2.35, 0.19) 0.82 100% AB + EB −2.80 [−8.43, 2.83] (−8.54, 2.94) 0.80 100% Common within-network between-study variance τ² = 0.22, Ι² = 61.1% Design-by-treatment interaction model for inconsistency X² (d.f., p-value, τ²): 86.19 (64, 0.03, 0.44) LDL cholesterol (mg/dL) (171 studies, 58 interventions) E + MT + SS + P −35.10 [−42.35, −27.84] (−42.75, −27.44) 1 0% E + MT + SS + R −16.63 [−21.72, −11.54] (−22.24, −11.03) 0.95 0% E + AB + SD −15.47 [−25.71, −5.23] (−26.05, −4.89) 0.92 100% E + MT + AB + SS + R −14.99 [−27.66, −2.32] (−27.98, −2.01) 0.89 0% E + AB + EB + P −11.44 [−14.58, −8.30] (−15.32, −7.57) 0.88 88% E + MT + G −16.70 [−34.60, 1.20] (−34.91, 1.51) 0.88 100% E + EB + SS + G −11.93 [−19.74, −4.12] (−20.13, −3.73) 0.87 0% E + R −10.50 [−17.66, −3.33] (−18.07, −2.92) 0.84 0% E + MT + AB + SD −8.77 [−11.05, −6.49] (−11.98, −5.56) 0.82 100% Common within-network between-study variance τ² = 1.27, Ι² = 70.8% Design-by-treatment interaction model for inconsistency X² (d.f., p-value, τ²): 104.97 (46, <0.001, 2.07)