JCM | Free Full-Text | Extracorporeal Shockwave Treatment as Additional Therapy in Patients with Post-Stroke Spasticity of Upper Limb—A Narrative Review
2005
PEDro: none
n = 20,
Chronic
Interosseusmuscles,
4700 shots,
0.030 mJ/mm2
NIHSS,
Video monitoring with a digitalgoniometer
2010
PEDro: none
n = 32,
Chronic
Musculotendinousjunction of biceps,
1200 shots,
0.12 mJ/mm2,
4 Hz
Tardieu,
Barthel
The treatment effect at the musculotendinous junction was greater than on the biceps.
2008
PEDro: none
n = 21,
Chronic
Forearmflexor muscles,
1000 shots,
0.069 mJ/mm2,
4 Hz
Tardieu,
NIHSS
Active elevation of the upper limb with hemiplegia was significantly increased.
2022
PEDro: 5/10
n = 32,
Subacute
Forearmflexor muscles,
2000 shots,
1.5 bar,
10 Hz
2016
PEDro: none
n = 60,
Chronic
Forearmflexor muscles,
5500 shots,
3.0–3.5 bar,
5 Hz
FMA
Repetitive sessions of ESWT result in a longer-lasting and more noticeable effects and are necessary for improving functional motricity.
2020
PEDro: 7/10
n = 82,
Chronic
Brachioradialis muscle,
6000 shots,
1.2–1.4 bar,
18 Hz
Ashworth,
VAS,
FMA
ESWT relieved pain but had no effect on active function or swelling of the upper limbs.
2018
PEDro: 8/10
n = 30,
Chronic
Interosseusmuscles,
4700 shots,
0.03 mJ/mm2
MMSE-K,
FMA
ESWT is effective for mitigating thedecrease in muscle tone in chronic stroke patients.
2016
PEDro: 6/10
n = 20,
Chronic
1500 shots
1.5 bar,
0.03 mJ/mm2,
4 Hz
BI,
NIHSS,
2021
PEDro: none
n = 27,
Subacute
1500 shots,
1.5 bar,
0.038 mJ/mm2,
4 Hz,
15 mm
FMA
The optimal intervention regime of post-stroke spasticity should take into consideration both neural and non-neural factors.
2019
PEDro: 6/10
n = 120,
Chronic
Interosseusmuscles,
2000 shots,
2.0–3.0 bar,
8 Hz
FMA,
To evaluate the motor recovery, one canuse the Brunnstrom stages, not justFMA and MAS.
2017
PEDro: none
n = 80,
Chronic
1500 shots,
0.068–0.093 mJ/mm2,
5 Hz
MTS
2023
PEDro: none
n = 53,
Chronic
Brachialis muscle,
Forearmflexor muscles,
1500 shots,
0.03 mJ/mm2,
5 Hz
VCG,
FMA-UL,
ARAT
The patients showed improved hand functions from the first treatment.
2016
PEDro: none
n = 1,
Chronic
Interosseusmuscles,
5000 shots,
2 bar,
10 Hz,
15 mm
DAS,
ESWT is a safe, alternative, non-invasive treatment in reducing spasticity after a stroke.
This therapy opens a new field of research in the non-invasive treatment of spasticity.
2021
PEDro: none
n = 50,
Chronic
Biceps muscle,
2000 shots,
0.03 mJ/mm2,
2 bar,
8 Hz
Long-term pateint follow-ups after the procedure are necessary to draw conclusions.
2023
PEDro: none
n = 30,
Chronic
3000 shots,
1.1–1.3 bar,
8–14 Hz
FMA
2021
PEDro: none
n = 20,
Chronic
Interosseusmuscles,
2000–3000 shots,
0.25–0.84 mJ/cm2,
2.8 bar,
15 Hz
FMA,
MI
Electrophysiological assessment of spasticity by Hmax/Mmax amplitude ratio