List of sovereign states in the 1890s: Difference between revisions – Wikipedia

By inergency On Mar 28, 2024

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Name and capital city Information on status and recognition of sovereignty

A[edit]

Abuja – Abuja Emirate
Capital: Abuja Widely recognized state.

Acre – Republic of Acre^[1] (from July 14, 1899)
Capital: Cidade do Acre De facto independent state from July 14, 1899.

Agadez – Tenere Sultanate of Aïr^[2]
Capital: Agadez Widely recognized state.

Andorra – Principality of Andorra^[3]
Capital: Andorra la Vella Widely recognized independent state. The President of France and Bishop of Urgell were ex officio Co-Princes of Andorra. The defense of Andorra was the responsibility of France and Spain.

Angoche – Angoche Sultanate^[4]
Capital: Angoche Widely recognized state.

Ankole – Kingdom of Ankole^[5]
Capital: Mbarara Widely recognized state.

Argentina – Argentine Republic^[6]
Capital: Buenos Aires

Aro – Aro Confederacy
Capital: Arochukwu Widely recognized state.

Ashanti – Asante Union^[7]
Capital: Kumasi Widely recognized state.

Aussa – Sultanate of Aussa
Capital: Aussa Widely recognized state.

Austria-Hungary – Austro-Hungarian Empire^[8]
Capital: Vienna (Cisleithania), Budapest (Transleithania) Widely recognized state.

B[edit]

Baguirmi – Kingdom of Baguirmi^[9] (to September 20, 1897)
Capital: Massenya (to 1893), Chekna (from 1893 to 1897) Tributary state of the Bornu Empire. Annexed by France on September 20, 1897.

Bali – Kingdom of Bali^[10]
Capital: Klungkung Widely recognized state. Bali was a series of kingdoms that ruled the island of Bali.

Baol – Kingdom of Baol^[11] (to 1895)
Capital: Diourbel Widely recognized state. Annexed by France in 1895.

Barotseland – Kingdom of Barotseland^[12] (to 1899)
Capital: Mongu Widely recognized state. Annexed by the United Kingdom in 1899.

Belgium – Kingdom of Belgium^[13]
Capital: Brussels Widely recognized state.

Benin – Kingdom of Benin^[14] (to February 18, 1897)
Capital: Edo Widely recognized state. Annexed by the United Kingdom on February 18, 1897.

Bhutan – Kingdom of Bhutan
Capital: Punakha Widely recognized state.

Biu – Biu Kingdom
Capital: Biu Widely recognized state.

Bolivia – Republic of Bolivia
Capital: Sucre (official), La Paz (administrative) Widely recognized state.

Bora Bora – Kingdom of Bora Bora^[15] (to September 21, 1895)
Capital: Nunue, Vaitape Widely recognized state to September 21, 1895. Annexed by France on September 21, 1895.

Bornu – Bornu Empire^[16] (to 1893)
Capital: Ngazargamu Widely recognized state to 1893. Annexed by France in 1893.

Brakna – Brakna Emirate
Capital: Aleg Widely recognized state.

Brazil – Republic of the United States of Brazil^[17]
Capital: Rio de Janeiro Brazil was a federation of 20 states, one territory, and one federal district.^[a]

Buganda – Kingdom of Buganda (to 1894)
Capital: Mengo, Uganda Widely recognized state to 1894. Annexed by the United Kingdom in 1894.

Bulgaria – Principality of Bulgaria^[18]
Capital: Sofia De facto independent, and de jure vassal state under the suzerainty of the Ottoman Empire.

Bunyoro – Bunyoro-Kitara Kingdom (to 1899)
Capital: Hoima Widely recognized state to 1899. Annexed by the United Kingdom in 1899.

Burundi – Kingdom of Burundi^[19] (to July 1, 1890)
Capital: Gitega, Bujumbura Widely recognized state to July 1, 1890. Annexed by Germany on July 1, 1890.

Busoga – Kingdom of Busoga
Capital: Bugembe Widely recognized state.

C[edit]

Canada – Dominion of Canada
Capital: Ottawa Widely recognized state. Commonwealth realm.

→

Central America
Capital: Amapala

Greater Republic of Central America (from September 15, 1895 to November 1, 1898)
United States of Central America (from November 1 to November 21, 1898)

A Political union between El Salvador, Honduras, and Nicaragua until November 21, 1898.^[20]

Champasak – Kingdom of Champasak (from 1899)
Capital: Champasak Widely recognized state. Vassal state of Siam.

Chile
Capital: Santiago

Widely recognized state.

China – Great Qing Empire
Capital: Beijing Widely recognized state.

Chokwe – Chokwe Kingdom
Capital: Not specified Widely recognized state.

Colombia – Republic of Colombia
Capital: Bogota Widely recognized state.

Congo – Congo Free State
Capital: Boma Widely recognized state. State in personal union with the Kingdom of Belgium.

Costa Rica – Republic of Costa Rica
Capital: San Jose Widely recognized state.

Crete – Cretan State^[21] (from December 9, 1898)
Capital: Chania Widely recognized state. Autonomous state of the Ottoman Empire.

D[edit]

Dahomey – Kingdom of Dahomey^[22] (to January 20, 1894)
Capital: Abomey Widely recognized state to January 20, 1894. Annexed by France on January 20, 1894.

Dar al Kuti – Sultanate of Dar Al Kuti^[23]
Capital: N’Délé Widely recognized state. Vassal state of Dar Runga to 1890. Vassal state of Rabih az-Zubayr from 1890.

Darfur – Sultanate of Darfur (from 1898)
Capital: Al Fashir Widely recognized state from 1898.

Dendi – Dendi Kingdom
Capital: Lulami Widely recognized state.

Denmark – Kingdom of Denmark
Capital: Copenhagen Widely recognized state. Denmark had sovereignty over the following overseas territories:

Dhala – Emirate of Dhala
Capital: Dhale Widely recognized state.

Dominican Republic – Second Republic
Capital: Santo Domingo Widely recognized state.

E[edit]

Ecuador – Republic of Ecuador
Capital: Quito

Widely recognized state.

El Salvador – Republic of El Salvador (to September 15, 1896 from November 21, 1898)
Capital: San Salvador Widely recognized state to September 15, 1896, and from November 21, 1898.Part of the political union of Central America from September 15, 1896 to November 21, 1898.

→

Ethiopia – Ethiopian Empire
Capital: Addis Ababa Widely recognized state.

F[edit]

France – French Republic
Capital: Paris Widely recognized independent state. France had sovereignty over the following overseas territories:

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Futa Jallon – Imamate of Futa Jallon (to November 18, 1896)
Capital: Timbo Widely recognized state to November 18, 1896. Annexed by France on November 18, 1896.

G[edit]

Gaza – Gaza Empire (to 1895)
Capital: Manjacaze Widely recognized state to 1895. Annexed by Portugal in 1895.

Geledi – Sultanate of the Geledi
Capital: Afgooye Widely recognized state.

Germany – German Empire
Capital: Berlin Widely recognized independent state. Germany had sovereignty over the following overseas territories:

Greece – Kingdom of Greece
Capital: Athens Widely recognized state.

Guatemala – Republic of Guatemala
Capital: Guatemala City Widely recognized state.

Gyaaman – State of Gyaaman
Capital: Sampa, Drobo Widely recognized state.

H[edit]

Ha’il – Emirate of Jabal Shammar
Capital: Ha’il Widely recognized state.

Haiti – Republic of Haiti
Capital: Port-au-Prince Widely recognized state.

Hawaii
Capital: Honolulu

Widely recognized state to August 12, 1898. Annexed by the United States on August 12, 1898.

Honduras – Republic of Honduras (to September 15, 1896 from November 21, 1898)
Capital: Tegucigalpa Part of the political union of Central America from September 15, 1896 to November 21, 1898.

Huahine – Kingdom of Huahine (to September 15, 1895)
Capital: Huahine Annexed by France on September 15, 1895.

I[edit]

Igala – Igala Kingdom
Capital: Idah

Igara – Kingdom of Igara

Capital: Not specified

Ilé-Ifẹ̀ – Ilé-Ifẹ̀ Kingdom
Capital: Ilé-Ifẹ̀

Italy – Kingdom of Italy
Capital: Rome Widely recognized independent state. Italy had sovereignty over the following overseas territories:

J[edit]

Japan – Empire of Japan
Capital: Tokyo City Widely recognized independent state. Japan had sovereignty over the following overseas territories:

K[edit]

Kaffa – Kingdom of Kaffa (to September 11, 1897)
Capital: Bonga, Anderaccha

Kajara – Kajara Kingdom

Capital: Not specified

Kano – Emirate of Kano
Capital: Takai

Kasanje – Jaga Kingdom

Capital: Not specified

Kebbi – Kebbi Emirate (to 1902)
Capital: Argungu Widely recognized state. Annexed by the United Kingdom in 1902.

Kénédougou – Kénédougou Kingdom (to May 1, 1898)
Capital: Sikasso

Kong – Kong Empire (to 1895)
Capital: Kong

Kongo – Kingdom of Kongo
Capital: Mbanza-Kongo Vassal of the Kingdom of Portugal.

→

Korea
Capital: Hanseong

Tributary state of the Qing dynasty to 1894. Widely recognized independent state from October 12, 1897.

Koya Temne – Kingdom of Koya (to August 31, 1896)
Capital: Grand Cape Mount

L[edit]

Lafia Beri-Beri – Lafia Beri-Beri Kingdom
Capital: Lafia

Liberia – Republic of Liberia
Capital: Monrovia

Liechtenstein – Principality of Liechtenstein
Capital: Vaduz

Limmu-Ennarea – Kingdom of Limmu-Ennarea (to 1891)
Capital: Saqqa

Lower Yafa – Sultanate of Lower Yafa (to 1895)
Capital: Jaʿār

Luxembourg – Grand Duchy of Luxembourg
Capital: Luxembourg City

M[edit]

Maguindanao – Sultanate of Maguindanao (to October 30, 1898)
Capital: Kuta Watu

Manipur – Kingdom of Manipur (to 1891)
Capital: Imphal

Maravi – Kingdom of Maravi (to 1891)
Capital: Manthimba

Matabeleland – Matabele Kingdom
Capital: Bulawayo

Mbunda – Mbunda Kingdom

Capital: Not specified

Widely recognized state.

Merina – Kingdom of Imerina (to 1897)
Capital: Antananarivo

Mexico – United Mexican States
Capital: Mexico City

Monaco – Principality of Monaco
Capital: Monaco

Montenegro – Principality of Montenegro
Capital: Cetinje

Morocco – Sultanate of Morocco
Capital: Fes

Mossi Kingdoms – Mossi Empire (to 1896)
Capital: Multiple capitals Widely recognized independent state. The following are a number of different kingdoms that make up the Mossi Empire:

Muscat and Oman – Sultanate of Muscat and Oman
Capital: Muscat De jure independent state. De facto a British protectorate.

Mutayr – Emirate of Mutayr

Capital: Not specified

Widely recognized state.

N[edit]

Negeri Sembilan (to 1895)
Capital: Seremban Federated in to the Federated Malay States from 1895.

Nepal – Kingdom of Nepal
Capital: Kathmandu

Netherlands – Kingdom of The Netherlands
Capital: Amsterdam

Nicaragua – Republic of Nicaragua (to September 15, 1896; from November 21, 1898)
Capital: Managua Part of the political union of Central America from September 15, 1896 to November 21, 1898.

Norway – Kingdom of Norway
Capital: Christiania In personal union between Sweden until December 15, 1899. Union badge removed on December 15, 1899

O[edit]

Orange Free State
Capital: Bloemfontein Independent Boer sovereign republic under the British suzerainty in South Africa.

Orungu – Kingdom of Orungu

Capital: Not specified

Widely recognized state.

Ottoman Empire – Sublime Ottoman State
Capital: Constantinople

P[edit]

Paraguay – Republic of Paraguay
Capital: Asunción

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Persia – Sublime State of Persia
Capital: Tehran

Peru – Peruvian Republic
Capital: Lima

Portugal – Kingdom of Portugal
Capital: Lisbon

R[edit]

Romania – Kingdom of Romania
Capital: Bucharest

Russia – Russian Empire
Capital: Saint Petersburg

S[edit]

Samoa – Kingdom of Samoa
Capital: Apia

San Marino – Most Serene Republic of San Marino
Capital: San Marino

Serbia – Kingdom of Serbia
Capital: Belgrade

Setul Mambang Segara – Kingdom of Setul Mambang Segara
Capital: Kota Mambang Segara

Siam – Kingdom of Siam
Capital: Bangkok Widely recognized independent state. The following are vassal states of Siam:

Sokoto – Sokoto Caliphate
Capital: Sokoto

Spain – Kingdom of Spain
Capital: Madrid

Sulu – Sultanate of Sulu
Capital: Maimbung

Sweden – Kingdom of Sweden
Capital: Stockholm In personal union between Norway until December 15, 1899.

Switzerland – Swiss Confederation
Capital: Bern

T[edit]

Tagant – Emirate of Tagant
Capital: Tidjikja

Tonga – Kingdom of Tonga
Capital: Nuku’alofa

Toro – Toro Kingdom (from August 14, 1891)
Capital: Kabarole

Toucouleur – Toucouleur Empire (to 1890)
Capital: Segou

Transvaal – South African Republic
Capital: Pretoria

Trarza – Emirate of Trarza (to December 15, 1902)
Capital: Mederdra

Tui Manuʻa – Tui Manuʻa Confederacy
Capital: Fitiuta

U[edit]

United Kingdom – United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland
Capital: London Widely recognized independent state. The following are colonies, territories, dependencies and protectorates of the United Kingdom:

→ → United States – United States of America
Capital: Washington D.C. Widely recognized independent state. The following are territories of the United States of America:

Upper Aulaqi Sultanate
Capital: Nişāb

Upper Aulaqi Sheikhdom
Capital: Sa’id

Upper Yafa – State of Upper Yafa
Capital: Mahjaba

Uruguay – Eastern Republic of Uruguay
Capital: Montevideo

V[edit]

Venezuela – United States of Venezuela
Capital: Caracas

W[edit]

Wadai – Wadai Empire
Capital: Abéché

Wahidi Haban – Wahidi Sultanate of Haban
Capital: Habban

Wajoq – Kingdom of Wajoq
Capital: Tosora

Wassoulou – Wassoulou Empire (to September 29, 1898)
Capital: Bissandugu Annexed by France on September 29, 1898

Wolaita – Kingdom of Wolaita (to November 1894)
Capital: Lasho, Dalbo, Sodo Annexed by the Ethiopian Empire in 1894

Wukari – Wukari Federation
Capital: Wukari

Y[edit]

Yamma – Kingdom of Yamma (to 1894)
Capital: Fofa

Yeke – Yeke Kingdom (to 1891)
Capital: Bunkeya

Z[edit]

Zabarma – Zabarma Emirate (to 1897)
Capital: Not specified

States claiming sovereignty[edit]

Aceh – Sultanate of Aceh (to 1903)
Capital: Kutaraja Protectorate of the Ottoman Empire.

Biak-na-Bato – Republic of Biak-na-Bato (from November 1 to December 15, 1897)
Capital: San Miguel Unrecognized state.

Counani – Republic of Independent Guiana (to 1891)
Capital: Counani Unrecognized state.

Formosa – Republic of Formosa (from May 24 to October 23, 1895)
Capital: Taipei Unrecognized state.

Franceville – Independent Commune of Franceville (to 1890)
Capital: None Unrecognized state.

Lado – Lado District
Capital: Lado Unrecognized state.

Loreto – Federal State of Loreto (from 2 May to 10 July 1896)
Capital: Iquitos Unrecognised self-proclaimed federated state within Peru

Mahdist Sudan – Mahdist State (to September 2, 1898)
Capital: Omdurman Unrecognized state. Annexed by Sudan on September 2, 1898

Mato Grosso – Transatlantic Republic of Mato Grosso (to 1892)
Capital: Corumba Unrecognized state.

Negros – Republic of Negros (from November 27, 1898)
Capital: Bacólod Unrecognized state. Constituent of the Federal State of the Visayas from 1898 to 1899.

Swaziland – Kingdom of Swaziland (from 1894)
Capital: Mbabane Unrecognized state.

Tagalog Republic – Sovereign Tagalog Nation (from August 29, 1896, to March 22, 1897)
Capital: Morong Unrecognized state.

Trinidad – Principality of Trinidad (from 1893 to 1895)
Capital: None Unrecognized state.

Zamboanga – Republic of Zamboanga (from May 18 to November 16, 1898)
Capital: Zamboanga City Unrecognized state.

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