1. IntroductionForest fires pose significant and formidable challenges in today’s world. Countries across temperate, subtropical, and tropical regions are grappling with the menace of forest fires due to the escalating impacts of global…
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1
Restoration Technology Division, National Research Institute of Cultural Heritage, Daejeon 34122, Republic…
4.2. Deep Neural NetworkThe ongoing advancement of deep-learning algorithms has led many researchers to focus on deeper neural networks. Traditional feedforward neural networks often only fit the nonlinear mapping relationship between…
3. Proposed Access UE Detection and TA Estimation AlgorithmThe proposed RAP detection and TA estimation mechanism of the OTFS system is similar to that of the 4G/5G systems. The UE randomly selects one RAP from the set of available RAPs…
1. IntroductionUnmanned tracked vehicles have broad development prospects in the agriculture and fire protection fields due to their good trafficability and mobility characteristics. Real-time and accurate positioning is important for…
The arid and semi-arid regions of China cover an area of over 2.56 million km2, constituting 26.7% of the country’s total land area, and exhibiting water scarcity, vegetation cover degradation, and severe desertification . As a typical…
4.3. PM2.5 and O3 Collaborative Pollution Response to Each PrecursorTo quantitatively estimate the impact of each precursor on the PM2.5 and O3 collaborative pollution of each region, sensitivity analyses based on the PM2.5 and O3…
1. IntroductionHodgkin lymphoma (HL) is a distinctive malignant B-cell lymphoma occurring predominantly in young adults . Combined modality treatment, consisting of (immuno-) chemotherapy and radiation therapy (RT), results in an…
The law expressed here is derived by modeling the Poisson distribution of absorptions in the case of a mono-elemental, homogeneous and thin medium. To address the multi-element aspect, the equation is modified, adopting an equivalent µ…
3.2. CO2 Density EstimationAn accurate estimation of CO2 density is required to understand the state of CO2 in the reservoir condition and choose the storage sites that will allow the injected CO2 to be stored in the reservoir in the…
1. IntroductionVehicles have become important sources of particulate pollution, contributing between 25% and 35% of direct emissions , which are the dominant source of air pollution in most urban cities . This pollution primarily arises…
This study’s methodology involved a systematic review of biomass values reported for the Cerrado biome, as well as the comparison of variance in indirect estimates of aboveground biomass using linear allometric equation with canopy…
1. IntroductionThe construction industry is known for generating a substantial amount of waste due to excessive consumption of natural resources beyond what is actually required. Tafesse et al. reported that construction waste poses a…
Forests, Vol. 15, Pages 425: A Comparison of Probability Density Functions Fitted by Moments and Maximum Likelihood Estimation Methods Used for Diameter Distribution Estimation
Forests doi: 10.3390/f15030425
Authors:
Jose Javier…
1. IntroductionOral health is an essential part of healthy aging and oral disease among the aging global population, and has led to an estimated 28.02% increase in Disability Adjusted Life Years (DALY) for older adults between 1990 and…
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Submission received: 23 January 2024
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Revised: 16 February 2024
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Accepted: 18 February 2024
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Published: 20 February 2024
Abstract…
1. IntroductionNew, pollution-free renewable energy, represented by wind and solar energy, has difficulty generating electricity continuously and steadily. Energy storage is a crucial factor for renewable energy to become a fully…
1. IntroductionAccording to the Water Framework Directive , the quality elements for the classification of ecological status include thermal, oxygenation, and nutrient conditions, as well as salinity, acidification status, and…
3.1. Comparative Analysis of Streamflow Predictions with Varying Spatial ResolutionIn the analysis of streamflow predictions using WRF-Hydro, the model spatial input data were generated at resolutions of 100 m, 250 m, and 500 m, and…
1. IntroductionForest canopy height is the basic data for carbon stock and carbon cycle analysis of terrestrial ecosystems and one of the important components of global ecological environmental change research. Rapid and accurate…
This work is performed within the Vaccine Effectiveness, Burden and Impact Studies (VEBIS) project. The first objective of the study is to monitor COVID-19 VE in a prospective manner, with the production of VE monthly pooled estimates…
1. IntroductionThe rapid development of cities and extensive energy consumption have led to a continuous increase in carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions, causing global concerns about issues such as air pollution and global warming . Efforts…
1. IntroductionThe excessive extraction and utilization of energy by humans have led to an overabundance of carbon from fossil fuels being released into the atmosphere , posing a considerable challenge that urgently needs to be…
1. IntroductionForest growing stock volume serves as a fundamental data source for estimating forest biomass and carbon sequestration . It is a vital indicator for assessing forest quality and represents a key parameter reflecting the…
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Submission received: 4 January 2024
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Revised: 22 January 2024
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Accepted: 24 January 2024
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Published: 28 January 2024
Abstract
With…
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* and
Department of Environment Systems, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of…
4.1. Influence of Spatial Variations in Time of ConcentrationAn increased TC is catchment topography, which is one of the most important factors to consider when dealing with flood responses . For instance, Gregory and Arnold argued…
Figure 1.
Location map of the study areas in Yunnan Province, Southwest of China. The left sub-panel shows the county locations of two study areas in Yunnan Province, the background is the forest types product. The edge of Kunming,…
1. IntroductionDiameter at breast height (DBH) is the diameter of a tree stem 1.3 m above the ground, and is a key variable measured in forest inventories . DBH is traditionally measured manually using a diameter tape or callipers, but…
1. IntroductionForest roads play a vital role in facilitating access to and management and exploitation of forested areas, aiding in the efficient and cost-effective transportation of timber from the logging site to areas of…
1. IntroductionRice is a primary cereal crop that serves as a primary food source for more than half of the world’s population, particularly in East Asia . It is an essential component of the global food system and plays a crucial role…
4.1. Description of the MethodThe method is divided into three main parts, as shown in Figure 3. At the first stage, NDVI, NBR, and RVI time series were obtained for all four sites (treeless, mixed forest, coniferous, and the…
Figure 1.
Overview map of the research area, which (a) showcases the location of the research area of Fujian Province, China and (b) shows the positions of all plots nested on an orthophoto image of the study area (WGS 84/UTM zone…
1. IntroductionLong-term monitoring of forest ecosystems is an important activity to assess and predict the condition of forests. Within the framework of monitoring, quantitative assessment of carbon and nitrogen cycle components, which…
In this study, we examined the Pinus densata natural forests in Shangri-La, drawing upon data from systematically selected sample plots. Recognizing the critical influence of factors like age, elevation, slope, and aspect on arboreal…
1. IntroductionThe worldwide community is now facing significant ramifications, notably global warming and the release of greenhouse gases (GHGs), due to the widespread utilization of petrol and diesel in vehicular operations. This…
1. IntroductionThe battery management system (BMS) for electric vehicles is one of the key technologies used to monitor and effectively manage electric vehicle batteries, thus enabling electric vehicles to improve battery energy…
1. IntroductionThe healthcare sector is currently witnessing a resurgence of interest in the therapeutic potential of medicinal plants and their role in natural pharmaceuticals. These plants, revered for their healing properties since…
1. IntroductionIn the context of global warming, the arid zone is the region that has undergone the most significant increase in the temperature in the last 100 years; the expansion of deserts, water scarcity, and deprivation due to…
1. IntroductionAs a result of climate change, flooding is an increasing natural disaster that is bedeviling every nation worldwide. It causes catastrophic damage to ecosystems, life losses, and economic losses . In Nigeria, flooding…
On January 28, 2003, the U.S. President’s Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief (PEPFAR), the largest commitment by any nation to address a single disease in history, was announced.* In April 2004, the first person in the world to receive…
1. Introduction 1.1. Background and Literature ReviewThis paper is concerned with forecast error, particularly in relation to actuarial or insurance loss reserving. The majority of the concepts are fairly general, and might be applied…
1. IntroductionRisk measures or premium calculation principles are statistical tools for the calculations of the insurance price corresponding to a risk in the actuarial literature; see Fischer et al. (2018) for a discussion on recent…
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