Diseases & Conditions

Dana Guglielmo, MPH1,2; Louise B. Murphy, PhD1; Kristina A. Theis, PhD1; Michael A. Boring, MS1; Charles G. Helmick, MD1; Kathleen B. Watson, PhD3; Lindsey M. Duca, PhD1,4; Erica L. Odom, DrPH1; Yong Liu, MD1; Janet B. Croft, PhD1…

Patrick Dawson, PhD1,2,*; Caroline A. Schrodt, MD1,2,*; Karl Feldmann, MS3; Rita M. Traxler, PhD1; Jay E. Gee, PhD1; Cari B. Kolton, MS1; Chung K. Marston1; Christopher A. Gulvik, PhD1; James M. Antonini, PhD3; María E. Negrón, DVM,…

Results Prevalence and Characteristics of Children Aged 4 Years with ASD For 2018, ASD prevalence in the 11 sites combined was 17.0 per 1,000 (1 in 59) children aged 4 years. Estimates ranged widely across the sites, from 9.1 per 1,000…

Immediately following the March 13, 2020 declaration of COVID-19 as a national emergency (1), the U.S. government began implementing national testing programs for epidemiologic surveillance, monitoring of frontline workers and…

Kristina L. Bajema, MD1,*; Rebecca M. Dahl, MPH1,*; Steve L. Evener, MPH1,2; Mila M. Prill, MSPH1; Maria C. Rodriguez-Barradas, MD3,4; Vincent C. Marconi, MD5,6,7; David O. Beenhouwer, MD8,9; Mark Holodniy, MD10,11,12; Cynthia…

Detection of cVDPV2 During January 2020–June 2021, there were 38 cVDPV2 emergences in active transmission in 34 countries; 28 (82%) of these countries are in Africa (Table) (Figure 1). Nineteen (50%) of the 38 emergences were previously…

On December 10, 2021, this report was posted online as an MMWR Early Release.Hannah E. Fast, MPH1,2; Elizabeth Zell, MStat2,4; Bhavini Patel Murthy, MD1,2; Neil Murthy, MD1,2; Lu Meng, PhD2,5; Lynn Gibbs Scharf, MPH1,2; Carla L.…

On July 15, 2021, the Secretary of Health of Honduras (SHH) was notified of an unexpected number of mucormycosis cases among COVID-19 patients. SHH partnered with the Honduras Field Epidemiology Training Program, the Executive…

Kimberly H. Nguyen, DrPH1; David Yankey, PhD1; Peng-jun Lu, MD1; Jennifer L. Kriss, PhD1; Noel T. Brewer, PhD2; Hilda Razzaghi, PhD1; Mehreen Meghani, MPH1; Brian J. Manns, PharmD1; James T. Lee, MD1; James A. Singleton, PhD1 (View…

On December 17, 2021, this report was posted online as an MMWR Early Release.Summary What is already known about this topic? COVID-19 transmission within K–12 schools can remain low with implementation of multiple, concurrent prevention…

On December 17, 2021, this report was posted online as an MMWR Early Release.On July 12, 2021, the California Department of Public Health updated COVID-19 school guidance, allowing a Test to Stay (TTS) strategy to increase access to…

On January 14, 2022, this report was posted online as an MMWR Early Release.Please note:. This report has been corrected. An erratum has been published. Jennifer L. Wiltz, MD1,*; Amy K. Feehan, PhD2,*; NoelleAngelique M. Molinari,…

Discussion During 2014–2019, approximately 3.5 million persons moved to the United States as an immigrant, a refugee, or an eligible other. Among immigrants, the number of arrivals and distribution of nationalities changed little over…

Methods During March 2020–November 2021, the Ebola Vaccine Work Group met at least monthly via conference call to review and discuss relevant evidence regarding expansion of recommendations to the two populations of interest using the…

On August 16, 2021, the Oregon Health Authority Public Health Division (OPHD) was notified of two pediatric cases of Shiga toxigenic Escherichia coli among members of the same household. Each of the patients received a positive…

Mellisa Roskosky, PhD*,1,2; Brian F. Borah, MD*,1,3; Peter M. DeJonge, PhD1,4; Catherine V. Donovan, PhD5; Lynn Zanardi Blevins, MD3; Allison G. Lafferty, MD3; Julia C. Pringle, PhD6; Patsy Kelso, PhD3; Jonathan L. Temte, MD7; Emily…

Leslie D. Edwards, MHS1; Ivorry Gomez, DNP2; Suzanne Wada, MD2; Erin M. Swaney3; Michelle B. Caruthers, MPH2; Irina Cody, MPH4; Farrell A. Tobolowsky, DO1,5; Janet Dykes, MS1; Laura Ford, PhD1,5; Kenneth R. Davis, MPH4; Chelsey T.…

Summary What is already known about this topic Acute flaccid paralysis (AFP) surveillance, the primary means of tracking poliovirus transmission, is supplemented by environmental surveillance of sewage samples. The COVID-19 pandemic…

Heather N. Grome, MD1,2; Jane Yackley, MPH2; Dilani Goonewardene, MPH2; Andrew Cushing, BVSc3; Marcy Souza, DVM3; Ariel Carlson3; Linden Craig, DVM, PhD3; Bryan Cranmore3; Ryan Wallace, DVM4; Lillian Orciari, MS4; Michael Niezgoda,…

On April 12, 2022, this report was posted online as an MMWR Early Release.Ian D. Plumb, MBBS1,2,*; Leora R. Feldstein, PhD1,2,*; Eric Barkley3; Alexander B. Posner, MPH3; Howard S. Bregman, MD3; Melissa Briggs Hagen, MD1,2; Jacqueline…

Discussion This investigation provides compelling evidence that this mass intoxication was caused by homemade medicinal liquor containing Aconitum alkaloids. Aconitum lycoctonum is included in the Aconitum genus of >250 species of…

On April 22, 2022, this report was posted online as an MMWR Early Release.Summary What is already known about this topic? In 2020, racial and ethnic disparities in COVID-19 age-adjusted death rates (AADR) were reported among U.S.…

On April 26, 2022, this report was posted online as an MMWR Early Release.In December 2021, the B.1.1.529 (Omicron) variant of SARS-CoV-2, the virus that causes COVID-19, became predominant in the United States. Subsequently, national…

Investigation and Results In July 2022, a pediatric nephrologist at the Edward Francis Small Teaching Hospital in The Gambia’s capital city of Banjul alerted MoH to a cluster of AKI cases among children. Data on AKI incidence are not…

Summary What is already known about this topic? Preexposure prophylaxis (PrEP) reduces human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection incidence. What is added by this report? During October 2016–September 2018, in 15 of 35 country or…

Gonorrhea is a sexually transmitted disease (STD) that can infect both men and women. It can cause infections in the genitals, rectum, and throat. It is a very common infection, especially among young people ages 15-24 years. You can…

Chikungunya is a virus spread to people by mosquito bites. Mosquitoes become infected when they feed on a person already infected with the virus. Infected mosquitoes can then spread the virus to other people through bites. Most people…

Ebola is a rare and deadly disease that was first discovered in 1976 near the Ebola River. Since then, outbreaks have appeared sporadically in several African countries.

Here’s a type of hepatitis you probably haven’t heard of before. Like all types of viral hepatitis, hepatitis E is a disease that affects the liver. It is spread by ingesting fecal matter contaminated with hepatitis E virus, even in…

Rodents can carry dangerous pathogens, like hantavirus. Hantaviruses are a family of viruses found worldwide. In the United States, deer mice and other wild rodents can shed hantavirus in their urine, droppings, and saliva. People can…

Vaccines for TetanusSeveral vaccines protect against tetanus. Since protection from tetanus decreases over time, CDC recommends tetanus vaccines for people of all ages. CDC recommends DTaP shots for babies at ages 2, 4, and 6 months, and…

Feeling Sick?A person with cyclosporiasis may begin to feel sick about 7 days after eating contaminated food. Symptoms may include watery diarrhea (most common), loss of appetite, weight loss, cramping, bloating, increased gas, nausea,…

Listeriosis is a serious foodborne illness (sometimes called “food poisoning”). People usually become ill with listeriosis after eating food contaminated with Listeria monocytogenes bacteria. The disease primarily affects pregnant…

Crohn’s DiseaseIn Crohn’s disease, inflammation can occur in any part of the gastrointestinal tract—from the mouth to the anus—but it most often affects the end of the small intestine where it joins the large intestine. Although patient…

Hepatitis C is a liver disease caused by the hepatitis C virus (HCV). It is spread through exposure to blood, often as a result of injection drug use. Less commonly, hepatitis C is spread through sex or from an infected mother to her…

Travelers Should Prevent Mosquito Bites and Sexual TransmissionTravelers who go to areas with Zika are at risk of being infected with Zika virus. Travelers may also be at risk of being infected with dengue or chikungunya virus. There is…

Know the SignsWhooping cough starts like the common cold, with a runny nose or congestion, sneezing, and maybe a mild cough or fever. But after 1 to 2 weeks, severe coughing can begin. Babies may not cough at all though. Instead, they…

How the Disease StartsFirst, a person may have pain, itching, or tingling in one area of the body. About 1 to 5 days later, a rash will appear in that area. The rash consists of blisters that usually scab over in 7 to 10 days and clear…

Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer death in the United States. Cigarette smoking is the #1 cause of lung cancer, but it also can be caused by using other forms of tobacco like pipes or cigars, breathing secondhand smoke, being…

Know Your RiskYou are at higher risk for type 2 diabetes if you have a parent, brother, or sister who has type 2 diabetes; are overweight; are 45 years or older; are physically active fewer than 3 times a week; or have ever had…

Norovirus is the leading cause of diarrhea and vomiting in the United States. The virus is very contagious and can spread quickly in closed places like long-term care facilities and schools. Lean more.

Arthritis includes more than 100 different conditions that affect joints and the surrounding tissue. The most common form of arthritis in the United States is osteoarthritis, followed by gout and rheumatoid arthritis. Symptoms include…

Rotavirus disease is most common in infants and young children, but older children and adults can get it too. People with this disease shed a lot of rotavirus in their poop. If you get rotavirus particles in your mouth, you can get…

Lupus is a chronic disease that can damage any organ. Although there are different types of lupus, the most common and well understood type is systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Most of the information below refers to SLE. Lupus…

Anyone Can Get Type 1 DiabetesIt isn’t completely clear what causes type 1 diabetes, but we know that diet and lifestyle habits don’t. Type 1 is thought to be the result of an autoimmune response, where your body attacks the cells in…

Eat Right for HealthEat a variety of fruits and vegetables every day. Choose fresh, frozen, or dried fruit most of the time. For frozen foods, try lower sodium versions. Eat plenty of veggies like broccoli, spinach, brussels sprouts,…

Inhale. Exhale. We do it every day, but some days it’s harder if you have asthma. Both kids and adults can go through repeated bouts of wheezing, trouble breathing, chest tightness, and nighttime or early morning coughing. If you have…

Know the SymptomsTypical symptoms of RMSF include fever, headache, stomach pain, and muscle pain. A rash like the one pictured here may also develop, but is often absent in the first few days, and in some patients, never develops. Never…

Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a developmental disability that can cause significant social, communication, and behavioral challenges. There is often nothing about how people with ASD look that sets them apart from other people, but…

Beware the blood suckers. No, not that kind! These are hard to see and can give you Lyme disease. Called nymphs, these tiny ticks can attach to any part of the body.